Tarihi Yapıların Sürdürülebilir Mimarlık İlkelerine Göre Yeniden İşlevlendirilmesi: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Erkek Yurdu (Hamlin Hall) Örneği

Abstract

The necessity of preserving the historical building, which emerged by the French Revolution, has evolved from the conception of personal conservation ideas to its present form. Impacts of both the Industrial Revolution, then II. World War, showed that the historical structures and ecology has to be protected by rules. At the same time, the environmental problems which are another impact of the Industrial Revolution had come into the agenda a few years after the Second World War and revealed the concept of “sustainability”. Historical building and environment conservation ensures cultural sustainability, besides "sustainability" provides the continuity of resources. Both are applications that aim to leave these two elements in a complete way to future generations. Nowadays, in many countries of the world, most of the buildings that have lost their original function are used in an active state by being re-functionalized and improved in accordance with the function. In order to ensure the continuity of the historical structure, it is important that the structure is used in an active state and routine maintenance is carried out. As with other protection methods, re-functionalization and renovation projects also have specific rules. Meeting the current needs of users without harming the historical texture is the main goal of improvement-renovation projects. In addition to the use of historical buildings in daily life and the proper transmission of the future, it is also important to prevent environmental problems. Environmental problems, which are among the problems of the 21st-century man, have revealed the necessity to consume the resources carefully. In this context, the building sector, which is very harmful to the environment but has a need for it, needs to be sensitive especially to the issues of recycling and waste management by giving the least damage to the environment. As in modern buildings, the fact that there is quite a lot of energy consumption in historical buildings has revealed the necessity to improve the historical structures such as the sustainable building elements with various systems. In historical buildings-which do not allow for free planning as much as the systems applied to a modern structure- studies on sustainability are limited but effective. The primary step in protecting historical buildings and the environment is, to raise awareness of society on these two issues. University education, which is one of the long-term but well-established methods of raising the awareness of society, is an area where studies on sustainability have been made in recent years. This application, which is still very new in Turkey, has been adopted by the Western and Asian developed countries and has spread not only to the curriculum but also to the campus life. This practice, called "green campus" in literature, adopts the general principles of the sustainable building system and in this way, enables students to be aware of the concept of sustainability in the early stages of their lives. For the universities that have long-established and historical structures in their campus, this goal puts the campus or campus buildings into a different challenge due to the fact that they can improve the structure according to the sustainable building elements without damaging the historical texture, as well as meeting the student needs. In Turkey, Boğaziçi University, which is the first university to realize this aim, gave importance to sustainability in the new buildings that they built, and since it has historical structures on the main campus, it has been awarded with the Leed Gold certificate by turning the Hamlin Hall -the most famous and old structure of the university- into a green building. Hamlin Hall is the second building of Robert College, which started its education in Bebek. While this building was an educational structure with dormitories, it became the universities dormitory after the establishment of Boğaziçi University in the early 1970s. It is possible to say that the building that still belongs to Boğaziçi University today is a structure that has been re-functionalized since it has only the function of dormitory today. In addition, the renovation project was implemented in 2011. In the renovation project, green building systems have been added to the structure and both historical and energy efficient structure has been ensured. Since Robert College is an American school, Hamlin Hall has done in an American architectural style. In order to understand the qualifications of the systems used in the Hamlin Hall, the renovation method was analyzed in Harvard Universities Hamilton Hall which is another American structure and also a dormitory. Harvard University is a university that has been termed as "Green Campus" by applying green building systems to both historical and modern buildings on campus.