Özet
Today in the whole World, universities want to make their mark with their successes. In order to provide that, it is inevitable to focus on the subject of “environmental approach and sustainable activities” which is among the most attention-paid subjects nowadays as well as their own education performance. At that point; the term of “Green University” has emerged, and universities have been evaluated and ranked on their environmental sustainable activities. One of the most well-known and worldwide-used ranking systems is GreenMetric (GM) system. The aim of this study is that researches whether environmental sustainable activities conducted have an impact upon academic achievement using the ranking and score datas of the universities listed in GM. The study presents a detailed literature rewiev, and have a quantitative study characteristic in terms of the way of data processing and content of analyses. In this study carried out for year of 2016 and 2017, relation of data of GM with 4 academic ranking systems (ARWU, QS Ranking, THE Ranking and NTU Ranking) is examined through regression analysis being also considered effect of country category. Furthermore, a new ranking method has been developed and derived aggregate university ranking from academic ranking systems mentioned to enhance the power of explanation of analysis results within the scope of the study. The ralationship between derived aggregate university data and GM factors was also researched under the mediating impact of Environmental Performance Index scores showing Green level of countries where universities are located in. In general meaning, the results point out existence of a significant relationship between performing environmental activities and academic achievement. Based on all analyzes results, it is possible to say that Transportation sub-factor is the most significant factor in every aspect. This study which have authenticity characteristic because of filling the gap in literature with regards to form of processing, in the coming years, will help to show whether universities provide academic achievement with their environmental activities.
Künye
*Alshuwaikhat HM, Abubakar I. (2008). An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability: assessment of the current campus environmental management practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(16):1777-85.
*ARWU World University Rankings 2016 [Internet]. 2016 [Erişim Tarihi 29 Ekim 2017]. Erişim adresi: http://www.shanghairanking.com/arwu2016.html
*Berzosa A, Bernaldo MO, Fernández-Sanchez G. (2017). Sustainability assessment tools for higher education: An empirical comparative analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 161:812-20.
*Beynaghi A, Trencher G, Moztarzadeh F, Mozafari M, Maknoon R, Leal Filho W. (2016). Future sustainability scenarios for universities: Moving beyond the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112:3464-78.
*Dagiliūtė R, Liobikienė G, & Minelgaitė A. (2018). Sustainability at universities: Students’ perceptions from Green and Non-Green universities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 181:473-82.
*de Castro R, Jabbour CJC. (2013). Evaluating sustainability of an Indian university. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:54-8.
*del Mar Alonso-Almeida M, Marimon F, Casani F, Rodriguez-Pomeda J. (2015). Diffusion of sustainability reporting in universities: current situation and future perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106:144-54.
*Deus RM, Battistelle RAG, Silva GHRD. (2016). Sustainability insights from the mission statements of leading Brazilian Universities. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(3):403-15.
*Finlay J, Massey J. (2012). Eco-campus: applying the ecocity model to develop green university and college campuses. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 13(2):150-65.
*Geng Y, Liu K, Xue B, Fujita T. (2013). Creating a “green university” in China: a case of Shenyang University. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:13-9.
*Gómez FU, Sáez-Navarrete C, Lioi SR, Marzuca VI. (2015). Adaptable model for assessing sustainability in higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107:475-85.
*Hajrasouliha A. (2017). Campus score: Measuring university campus qualities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158:166-76.
*Hooi KK, Hassan F, Mat MC. (2012). An exploratory study of readiness and development of green university framework in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50:525-36.
*Jabbour CJC, Sarkis J, de Sousa Jabbour ABL, Govindan K. (2013). Understanding the process of greening of Brazilian business schools. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:25-35.
*Koester RJ, Eflin J, Vann J. (2006). Greening of the campus: a whole-systems approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(9-11):769-79.
*Lauder A, Sari RF, Suwartha N, Tjahjono G. (2015). Critical review of a global campus sustainability ranking: GreenMetric. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108:852-63.
*Lukman R, Tiwary A, Azapagic A. (2009). Towards greening a university campus: The case of the University of Maribor, Slovenia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53(11):639-44.
*Marrone P, Orsini F, Asdrubali F, Guattari C. (2018). Environmental performance of universities: Proposal for implementing campus urban morphology as an evaluation parameter in Green Metric. Sustainable Cities and Society, 42:226-39.
*Massimo DE, Fragomeni C, Malerba A, Musolino M. (2016). Valuation supports green university: case action at Mediterranea campus in Reggio Calabria. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 223:17-24.
*Meiboudi H, Lahijanian A, Shobeiri SM, Jozi SA, Azizinezhad R. (2017). Development and validation of sustainability criteria of administrative green schools in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 197:605-09.
*Meiboudi H, Lahijanian A, Shobeiri SM, Jozi SA, Azizinezhad R. (2018). Development of a new rating system for existing green schools in Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production, 188:136-43.
*NTU Ranking [Internet]. 2016 [Erişim Tarihi 31 Ekim 2017]. Erişim adresi: http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/OverallRanking/2016
*Overall Rankings 2016 UI GreenMetric [Internet]. 2016 [Erişim Tarihi 28 Ekim 2017]. Erişim adresi: http://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/overall-ranking-2016/
*Peng S, Cui H, Ji M. (2018). Sustainable Rainwater Utilization and Water Circulation Model for Green Campus Design at Tianjin University. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment, 4(1):04017015.
*QS World University Rankings 2015/16 Top Universities [Internet]. 2016 [Erişim Tarihi 30 Ekim 2017]. Erişim adresi: https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2015
*Sharp L. (2002). Green campuses: the road from little victories to systemic transformation. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 3(2):128-45.
*Shi H, Lai E. (2013). An alternative university sustainability rating framework with a structured criteria tree. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:59-69.
*Stough T, Ceulemans K, Lambrechts W, Cappuyns V. (2017). Assessing sustainability in higher education curricula: a critical reflection on validity issues. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172:4456-66.
*Suwartha N, Sari RF. (2013). Evaluating UI GreenMetric as a tool to support green universities development: assessment of the year 2011 ranking. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:46-53.
*Tan H, Chen S, Shi Q, Wang L. (2014). Development of green campus in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64:646-53.
*UI GreenMetric Ranking Team, Hazırlayan. Guideline of UI GreenMetric World University Ranking 2016: From Policy to Action. Universitas Indonesia: 14 Ekim 2016.
*Venetoulis J. (2001). Assessing the ecological impact of a university: the ecological footprint for the University of Redlands. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 2(2):180-96.
*Wang Y, Shi H, Sun M, Huisingh, D, Hansson L, Wang R. (2013). Moving towards an ecologically sound society? Starting from green universities and environmental higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:1-5.
*World Universiy Rankings 2015-2016 Times Higher Education (THE) [Internet]. 2016 [Erişim Tarihi 30 Ekim 2017]. Erişim adresi: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/scores
*Xiong H, Fu D, Duan C, Chang'E L, Yang X, Wang R. (2013). Current status of green curriculum in higher education of Mainland China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:100-05.
*Yuan X, Zuo J, Huisingh D. (2013). Green Universities in China–what matters?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61:36-45.
*Zhao W, Zou Y. (2018). Variation of greenness across China’s universities: motivations and resources. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 19(1):48-66.