Park Termik Çayırhan Yeraltı Kömür Ocağında Kaya Saplamalarının Uygulanabilirliğinin Nümerik Olarak Modellenmesi
Özet
Rock bolts are widely preferred reinforcement equipments through long ages in rock excavation cavities and tunnels which entail support of opening in terms of stabilising excavations and controlling environmentlly induced instabilities. These applications, in contrast to other reinforcement systems, are simple, quick and dramatically inexpensive to apply. Additionally, rock bolts do not bring about any contraction or shrink around cross-sectional area, in which excavation is carried out, and can be combined with diverse reinforcing elements in a harmony. Underground coal mines, particularly where pertinent production methods are longwall mining, bolts are vastly employed as reinforcing elements all around the world. With bolting applications, a proportion of induced secondary stress based loads are intended to be carried by rock itself. Thus, by reducing deformation amounts around tailgates providing service in long terms, deformation periods are extended. Accordingly, needs for gallery smoothing scrape operations will be reduced (or will be utterly removed if possible), by making work environments safer and reducing labour costs, more economic and faster process takes place. Approach of reinforcing underground coal mines with rock bolts has prominently gained importance in regions like USA, Europe, South Africa and Australia over last two decades. However, there is no such industrial applications of rock bolts in coal mines of Turkey apart from academic or small scaled local studies. Instead, passive support systems by steel rigid beams are preferred. Associated with passive supporting, forces stemming from surronding geology loaded directly on steel beams, hence, serious deformations originate around tailgates. Within the context of study, applicability of rock bolts instead of steel beams, which are currently used as reinforcement systems, is tested along with determination of the most versatile reinforcement technique amongst possibilities by modelling with finite element method. Also advantages and disadvantages of two reinforcement systems, which are steel beams and rock bolts, over each other are exhibited in terms of costs and other operational parameters.
