Özet
Kırbaç, A., Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses: Normative Data Study, Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis in Audiology and Speech Pathology Program, Ankara, 2018. Speech sound is a complex structure with rich harmonic components, dynamic amplitude modulations and rapid spectro-temporal changes. Simple stimuli such as tone-burst, click are insufficient in order to evaluate this complexity. At the brainstem level, auditory brainstem responses should be obtained using speech stimuli to assess the temporal and spectral encoding integrity of the speech stimulus. S-ABR is a valid and reliable tool that provides direct information on how the speech syllabus is coded by the auditory brainstem. It was planned in our study to determine the normative values specific to gender for the frequency domain display which includes the amplitude information of spectral peaks (F0, F1, F2_HF) with time domain display which includes 7 major (V, A, C, D, E, F, O) wave peak latency and amplitude information of the response by taking S-ABR records with artificial /da/ stimulus which has the duration of 40 ms from 30 healthy individuals between 18 and 35, whose native language is Turkish (15 males, 15 females). EEG data were collected from each individual in 5 sessions by using 32-channel headbox and data analyses were conducted in MATLAB software after the records. For each individual having participated in the study, amplitude and latency values of wave peaks were determined. Time domain and frequency domain wave forms were obtained from all participants and it was determined that speech sound are encoded earlier in brainstem in terms of time in females than it is done in males and gender is not effective in energy encoding of fundamental frequency and harmonics of the speech stimulus. It was considered that these data obtained shall form a basis for studies to be conducted for different groups.
Künye
1. Gelfand SA. Hearing: An introduction to psychological and physiological acoustics: CRC Press; 2016.
2. Moore BC. An introduction to the psychology of hearing. USA: Elseiver; 2003.
3. Stanley G. Essential of Audiology: New York. Stuttgart: Theime; 2001.
4. Chandrasekaran B, Kraus N. The scalp‐recorded brainstem response to speech: Neural origins and plasticity. Psychophysiology. 2010;47(2):236-46.
5. Krizman J, Skoe E, Kraus N. Sex differences in auditory subcortical function. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2012;123(3):590-7.
6. Hornickel J, Skoe E, Kraus N. Subcortical laterality of speech encoding. Audiology and Neurotology. 2009;14(3):198-207.
7. Cheung C, Hamilton LS, Johnson K, Chang EF. The auditory representation of speech sounds in human motor cortex. Elife. 2016;5:e12577.
8. Mitterer H, Cutler A. Speech perception. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (vol 11): Elsevier; 2006. p. 770-82.
9. Abrams DA, Kraus N. Auditory pathway representations of speech sounds in humans. Issues in Hand Book of Clinical Audiology2009. p. 611-76.
10. Russo N, Nicol T, Musacchia G, Kraus N. Brainstem responses to speech syllables. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2004;115(9):2021-30.
11. Johnson KL, Nicol TG, Kraus N. Brain stem response to speech: a biological marker of auditory processing. Ear and hearing. 2005;26(5):424-34.
12. Sanfins MD, Skarzynski PH, Colella-Santos MF. Speech-Evoked Brainstem Response. Advances in Clinical Audiology: InTech; 2017.
13. Muş N, Özdamar Ö. İşitsel Beyin Sapı Yanıtları2005.
14. Skoe E, Kraus N. Auditory brainstem response to complex sounds: a tutorial. Ear and hearing. 2010;31(3):302.
15. Nicol T, Kraus N. Speech-sound encoding: physiological manifestations and behavioral ramifications. Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology. 2004;57:628-34.
16. Hornickel J, Knowles E, Kraus N. Test-retest consistency of speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses in typically-developing children. Hearing research. 2012;284(1):52-8.
17. Song JH, Nicol T, Kraus N. Test-retest reliability of the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(2):346-55.
18. Sinha SK, Basavaraj V. Speech evoked auditory brainstem responses: a new tool to study brainstem encoding of speech sounds. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2010;62(4):395-9.
19. Johnson KL, Nicol T, Zecker SG, Kraus N. Developmental plasticity in the human auditory brainstem. Journal of Neuroscience. 2008;28(15):4000-7.
20. Wible B, Nicol T, Kraus N. Atypical brainstem representation of onset and formant structure of speech sounds in children with language-based learning problems. Biological psychology. 2004;67(3):299-317.
21. King C, Warrier CM, Hayes E, Kraus N. Deficits in auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in children with learning problems. Neuroscience letters. 2002;319(2):111-5.
22. Gabr TA, Darwish ME. Speech auditory brainstem response audiometry in children with specific language impairment. Hearing, Balance and Communication. 2016;14(1):50-8.
23. Liu JF, Wang NY, Fu X, Li L, Li JL, Wen XH, et al. [Comparison of the basic characters of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response between school-age children and young adults]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2012;47(8):646-50.
24. Bellier L, Veuillet E, Vesson JF, Bouchet P, Caclin A, Thai-Van H. Speech Auditory Brainstem Response through hearing aid stimulation. Hear Res. 2015;325:49-54.
25. Krishnamurti S, Forrester J, Rutledge C, Holmes GW. A case study of the changes in the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response associated with auditory training in children with auditory processing disorders. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(4):594-604.
26. Schoof T, Rosen S. The role of age-related declines in subcortical auditory processing in speech perception in noise. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. 2016;17(5):441-60.
27. Tahaei AA, Ashayeri H, Pourbakht A, Kamali M. Speech evoked auditory brainstem response in stuttering. Scientifica (Cairo). 2014;2014:328646.
28. Sanfins M, Colella-Santos M. A review of the clinical applicability of speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses. Journal of Hearing Science. 2016;6(1):9-16.
29. Akhoun I, Gallégo S, Moulin A, Ménard M, Veuillet E, Berger-Vachon C, et al. The temporal relationship between speech auditory brainstem responses and the acoustic pattern of the phoneme/ba/in normal-hearing adults. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2008;119(4):922-33.
30. Kumar K, Bhat JS, D'Costa PE, Srivastava M, Kalaiah MK. Effect of Stimulus Polarity on Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response. Audiol Res. 2013;3(1):e8.
31. Aiken SJ, Picton TW. Envelope and spectral frequency-following responses to vowel sounds. Hearing research. 2008;245(1):35-47.
32. Dhar S, Abel R, Hornickel J, Nicol T, Skoe E, Zhao W, et al. Exploring the relationship between physiological measures of cochlear and brainstem function. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2009;120(5):959-66.
33. Jalaei B, Zakaria MN, Mohd Azmi MHA, Nik Othman NA, Sidek D. Gender Disparities in Speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Healthy Adults: Any Relation to Head Size? Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2017;126(4):290-5.
34. Guidelines for Audiologic Screening. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 1997.
35. Onusko E. Tympanometry. American family physician. 2004;70(9):1713-20.
36. Akhoun I, Moulin A, Jeanvoine A, Menard M, Buret F, Vollaire C, et al. Speech auditory brainstem response (speech ABR) characteristics depending on recording conditions, and hearing status: an experimental parametric study. J Neurosci Methods. 2008;175(2):196-205.
37. Kumar Neupane A, Gururaj K, Mehta G, Sinha SK. Effect of Repetition Rate on Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Younger and Middle Aged Individuals. Audiol Res. 2014;4(1):106.
38. Zakaria MN, Jalaei B, Aw CL, Sidek D. Are speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) outcomes influenced by ethnicity? Neurol Sci. 2016;37(6):943-8.
39. Russo NM, Nicol TG, Zecker SG, Hayes EA, Kraus N. Auditory training improves neural timing in the human brainstem. Behavioural brain research. 2005;156(1):95-103.
40. Nada NM, Kolkaila EA, Gabr TA, El-Mahallawi TH. Speech auditory brainstem response audiometry in adults with sensorineural hearing loss. Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences. 2016;17(2):87-94.
41. Ansari M, Rangasayee R, Ansari M. Neurophysiological aspects of brainstem processing of speech stimuli in audiometric-normal geriatric population. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 2017;131(3):239-44.
42. Ahadi M, Pourbakht A, Jafari AH, Jalaie S. Effects of stimulus presentation mode and subcortical laterality in speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses. International journal of audiology. 2014;53(4):243-9.
43. Banai K, Hornickel J, Skoe E, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. Reading and subcortical auditory function. Cerebral cortex. 2009;19(11):2699-707.
44. Rocha-Muniz CN, Befi-Lopes DM, Schochat E. Investigation of auditory processing disorder and language impairment using the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response. Hear Res. 2012;294(1-2):143-52.
45. Trune DR, Mitchell C, Phillips DS. The relative importance of head size, gender and age on the auditory brainstem response. Hearing research. 1988;32(2):165-74.
46. Ahadi M, Pourbakht A, Jafari AH, Shirjian Z, Jafarpisheh AS. Gender disparity in subcortical encoding of binaurally presented speech stimuli: an auditory evoked potentials study. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2014;41(3):239-43.
47. Liu J, Wang D, Li X, Wang N. Association Between Sex and Speech Auditory Brainstem Responses in Adults, and Relationship to Sex Hormone Levels. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2017;23:2275.
48. Liu J, Fu X, Wang D, Li X, Wang N. The sex difference of speech evoked auditory brainstem responses in children and young adults. Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi= Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. 2016;51(8):583-8.
49. Karawani H, Banai K. Speech-evoked brainstem responses in Arabic and Hebrew speakers. International journal of audiology. 2010;49(11):844-9.
50. Akar A. Türk Dili Tarihi. İstanbul: Ötüken Yayınları; 2005.
