Özet
İkiz, M., Evaluation of the Academic and Social Skills of Children with Cochlear Implants at First, Second and Third Grades in Primary School. Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences, M.D. Thesis in Audiology and Speech Pathology, Ankara, 2018. In our study, the social skills, academic competence and problem behaviors of children with cochlear implants in primary school first, second and third grade were compared with their normal peers and the relationships between social skills, academic competence, problem behaviors and language skills were investigated. For this purpose, 32 cochlear implanted (research group) and 160 healthy classmates (control group) were included. In this study, Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) Inventory Teacher version, standardized to Turkish by Sucuoğlu and Özokçu (2005), applied by teachers of children. Also, receptive and expressive language skills of cochlear implanted children assessed with TİFALDİ inventory. As a result of statistical analysis, significant differences were found in favor of the control group between the SSRS subscales of the study group and the control group. The study group was divided into two groups as early (before 2 years) and late (after 2 years) implants, and when SSRS subscale scores of 3 groups were statistically compared, the difference between the study group and the control group was found as late cochlear implant group. In the analysis of the correlation between TİFALDİ Receptive Language, Expressive Language subtests and SSRS subscales of the study group, a significant positive correlation was found between the scores of the Receptive Language Subtest and the Academic Competence subscale while a significant positive correlations were found between the scores of the Expression Language Subtests and Social Skills and Academic Competence Subscales. It was also found that the scores of SSRS subscales showed significant correlations among themselves.
Künye
1. Sucuoğlu B, Özokçu O. Kaynaştırma Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Becerilerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi. 2005;6(01).
2. Niparko JK. Cochlear implants: principles & practices. Philadelphia,USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. 155-6 p.
3. Welsh M, Parke RD, Widaman K, O'Neil R. Linkages Between Children's Social and Academic competence: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of School Psychology. 2001;39(6):463-82.
4. Mukari SZ, Ling LN, Ghani HA. Educational Performance of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients in Mainstream Slasses. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2007;71(2):231-40.
5. Bradham T, Jones J. Cochlear Implant Candidacy in the United States: Prevalence in Children 12 Months to 6 Years of Age. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2008;72(7):1023-8.
6. Percy‐Smith L, Jensen JH, Cayé‐Thomasen P, Thomsen J, Gudman M, Lopez AG. Factors that Affect the Social Well‐Being of Children with Cochlear Implants. Cochlear Implants International. 2008;9(4):199-214.
7. Hoffman MF, Cejas I, Quittner AL. Comparisons of Longitudinal Trajectories of Social Competence: Parent Ratings of Children With Cochlear Implants Versus Hearing Peers. Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. 2016;37(2):152-9.
8. Smith LB, Thelen E. Development As a Dynamic System. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2003;7(8):343-8.
9. Alivernini F, Palmerio, L., Vinci, E., & Di Leo, I. <An Analysis of Factors Affecting Pupils’ Science Achievement in Italy.pdf>. 2010.
10. Adane LO. <FACTORS AFFECTING LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS.pdf>: University of Ghana,; 2013.
11. Jamil F. KR. Predictors of Academic Achievement in Primary School Students. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 2016,. 2016;31:45-61.
12. Dzulkifli MA, & Alias, I. A. <Students of Low Academic Achievement – Their Personality, Mental Abilities and Academic Performance How Counsellor Can Help.pdf>. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,. 2012;2(23):220-5.
13. Chamorro-Premuzic T, Furnham A. Personality traits and academic examination performance. European Journal of Personality. 2003;17(3):237-50.
14. Considine G, & Zappala, G. Factors influencing the educational performance of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. 2002.
15. Linnenbrink EA, & Pintrich, P. R. Motivation as an Enabler for Academic Success School Psychology Review. 2002;31(3):313-27.
16. Steinmayr R, Spinath B. Sex Differences in School Achievement: What are the Roles of pPersonality and Achievement Motivation? European Journal of Personality. 2008;22(3):185-209.
17. Fischer F, Schult J, Hell B. Sex differences in secondary school success: why female students perform better. European Journal of Psychology of Education. 2013;28(2):529-43.
18. Gibb SJ, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Gender Differences in Educational Achievement to Age 25. Australian Journal of Education. 2008;52(1):63-80.
19. Chamorro-Premuzic T, Furnham A. Personality, Intelligence and Approaches to Learning as Predictors of Academic Performance. Personality and Individual Differences. 2008;44(7):1596-603.
20. Komarraju M, Karau SJ, Schmeck RR. Role of the Big Five Personality Traits in Predicting College Students' Academic Motivation and Achievement. Learning and individual differences. 2009;19(1):47-52.
21. Willingham WW, Pollack JM, Lewis C. Grades and Test Scores: Accounting for Observed Differences. Journal of Educational Measurement. 2002;39(1):1-37.
22. Gestsdottir S, von Suchodoletz A, Wanless SB, Hubert B, Guimard P, Birgisdottir F, et al. Early Behavioral Self-Regulation, Academic Achievement, and Gender: Longitudinal Findings from France, Germany, and Iceland. Applied Developmental Science. 2014;18(2):90-109.
23. Duckworth AL, Seligman ME. Self-Discipline Gives Girls the Edge: Gender in Self-Discipline, Grades, and Achievement Test Scores. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2006;98(1):198.
24. Matthews JS, Ponitz CC, Morrison FJ. Early Gender Differences in Self-Regulation and Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2009;101(3):689.
25. Voyer D, Voyer SD. Gender Differences in Scholastic Achievement: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 2014;140(4):1174.
26. HOPS H. Children’s Social Competence And Skills: Current Research Practices and Furute Directions. Behavior Therapy. 1983;14:3-18.
27. Nazmiye Ç. Grupla Sosyal Beceri Eğitiminin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yalnızlık Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkisi [Doktora]: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 1988.
28. BACANLI H. <Sosyal Beceri Eğitimi.pdf>. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2008. 7-8 p.
29. Elliot SN, Sheridan SM, Gresham FM. Assessing and Treating Social Skills Deficits. Journal of School Psychology. 1988:197-222.
30. Gresham FM, Elliott SN, Kettler RJ. Base rates of social skills acquisition/performance deficits, strengths, and problem behaviors: an analysis of the Social Skills Improvement System--Rating Scales. Psychol Assess. 2010;22(4):809-15.
31. Akfırat F. Sosyal Yeterlilik, Sosyal Beceri ve Yaratıcı Drama Yaratıcı Drama Dergisi. 2006;1(1):46-7.
32. Yavuzer H. Doğum Öncesinden Ergenlik Sonuna Çocuk Psikolojisi. Remzi Kitapevi. 2002.
33. Hartup WW. Peer Relations. Handbook of Child Psychology: formerly Carmichael's Manual of child psychology/Paul H Mussen, editor. 1983.
34. Eder D, Hallinan MT. Sex Differences in Children's Friendships. American Sociological Review. 1978:237-50.
35. Stein AH, Bailey MM. The Socialization of Achievement Orientation in Females. Psychological Bulletin. 1973;80(5):345.
36. Block JH. Differential Premises Arising from Differential Socialization of the Sexes: Some Conjectures. Child Development. 1983:1335-54.
37. Liss MB. Social and Cognitive Skills: Sex Roles and Children's Play: Academic Press; 1983.
38. Wentzel KR. Does being good make the grade? Social behavior and academic competence in middle school. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1993;85(2):357.
39. Kupersmidt JB, Coie JD, Dodge KA. 10 The Role of Poor Peer Relationships in the Development of Disorder. Peer rejection in childhood. 1990:274.
40. Malecki CK, Elliot SN. Children's Social Behaviors as Predictors of Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Analysis. School Psychology Quarterly. 2002;17(1):1.
41. Gresham F, Elliott SN. Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) Rating Scales. Bloomington, MN: Pearson Assessments. 2008.
42. Langeveld JH, Gundersen KK, Svartdal F. Social Competence as a Mediating Factor in Reduction of Behavioral Problems. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. 2012;56(4):381-99.
43. Tantam D. Psychological Disorder in Adolescents and Adults with Asperger Syndrome. Autism. 2000;4(1):47-62.
44. Mercer N, Howe C. Explaining the dialogic processes of teaching and learning: The value and potential of sociocultural theory. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction. 2012;1(1):12-21.
45. Blair C. School Readiness: Integrating Cognition and Emotion in a Neurobiological Conceptualization of Children's Functioning at School Entry. American Psychologist. 2002;57(2):111.
46. Wentzel KR. Relations Between Social Competence and Academic Achievement in Early Adolescence. Child Development. 1991;62(5):1066-78.
47. Seifert K, Mandzuk D. Student Cohorts in Teacher Education: Support Groups or Intellectual Communities. Teachers College Record. 2006;7(108):1296-320.
48. Günindi Y. Preschool Children's Perceptions of The Value of Affection as Seen in Their Drawings. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education. 2015;7(3):371.
49. Gherasim LR, Butnaru S, Mairean C. Classroom Environment, Achievement Goals and Maths Performance: Gender Differences. Educational Studies. 2013;39(1):1-12.
50. O'Donnell AM. The Role of Peers and Group Learning. In: Erlbaum L, editor. Handbook of Educational Psychology. Mahwah, NY2006. p. 781-802.
51. Wentzel KR, Watkins DE. Instruction Based on Peer Interactions. In: Mayer IRE, editor. Handbook of Research on Learning and Instruction. New York, NY: Routledge2011. p. 322-43.
52. Webb NM. The Teacher's Role in Promoting Collaborative Dialogue in The Classroom. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2009;79(1):1-28.
53. Piaget J. The Equilibration of Cognitive Structures: The Central Problem of Intellectual Development. Press UoC, editor. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1985.
54. Vygotsky L. Mind in Society Cambridge: Harvard University Press1978.
55. Barron B. Achieving Coordination in Collaborative Problem-Solving Groups. The Journal of the Learning Sciences. 2000;9(4):403-36.
56. Bryan T, Burstein K. Improving Homework Completion and Academic Performance: Lessons from Special Education. Theory into Practice. 2004;43(3):213-9.
57. Hong E, Milgram RM, Rowell LL. Homework Motivation and Preference: A Learner-Centered Homework Approach. Theory into Practice. 2004;43(3):197-204.
58. Jurkowski S, Hänze M. A Closer Look at Social Skills and School Performance: Students’ Peer Relations Skills and Assertion Skills as Predictors for Their Written and Oral Performances. European Journal of Psychology of Education. 2016;32(1):79-95.
59. Luthar SS. Social Competence in the School Setting: Prospective Cross‐Domain Associations among Inner‐City Teens. Child Development. 1995;66(2):416-29.
60. Elias MJ, Haynes NM. Social Competence, Social Support, and Academic Achievement in Minority, Low-Income, Urban Elementary School Children. School Psychology Quarterly. 2008;23(4):474.
61. Green KD, Forehand R, Beck SJ, Vosk B. An Assessment of The Relationship Among Measures of Children's Social Competence and Children's Academic Achievement. Child Development. 1980;51(4):1149-56.
62. Wentzel KR, Caldwell K. Friendships, Peer Acceptance, and Group Membership: Relations to Academic Achievement in Middle School. Child Development. 1997;68(6):1198-209.
63. Qi S, Mitchell RE. Large-Scale Academic Achievement Testing of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2011;17(1):1-18.
64. Goldberg LR, Richburg CM. Minimal Hearing Impairment: Major Myths with More than Minimal Implications. Communication Disorders Quarterly. 2004;25(3):152-60.
65. Moeller MP, Tomblin JB, Yoshinaga-Itano C, Connor CM, Jerger S. Current state of Knowledge: Language and Literacy of Children with Hearing Impairment. Ear and hearing. 2007;28(6):740-53.
66. Bess FH, Dodd-Murphy J, Parker RA. Children with Minimal Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Prevalence, Educational Performance, and Functional Status. Ear and Hearing. 1998;19(5):339-54.
67. Moores DF. Educating the Deaf: Psychology, Principles, and Practices. 2 ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin2001.
68. Konuk D. Zonguldak İl Merkezinde 7-11 Yaş Grubu İşitme Engeli Olan ve Olmayan Çocukların Psiko-Sosyal Gelişimlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Zonguldak: Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversites; 2006.
69. Fellinger J, Holzinger D, Sattel H, Laucht M, Goldberg D. Correlates of Mental Health Disorders Among Children with Hearing Impairments. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2009;51(8):635-41.
70. Antia SD, Jones P, Kreimeyer KH, Reed S. Social Outcomes Deaf and Hard Hearing. ExceptionalChildren. 2011;77(4):489-504.
71. Meadow KP. Early Manual Communication in Relation to the Deaf Child's Intellectual, Social, and Communicative Functioning. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2005;10(4):321-9.
72. Schirmer BR. Psychological, Social, and Educational Dimensions of Deafness: Allyn & Bacon; 2001.
73. Marschark M, De Beni R, Polazzo MG, Cornoldi C. Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents' Memory for Concrete and Abstract Prose: Effects of Relational and Distinctive Information. American Annals of the Deaf. 1993;138(1):31-9.
74. Keating E, Mirus G. Examining Interactions Across Language Modalities: Deaf Children and Hearing Peers at School. Anthropology & education quarterly. 2003;34(2):115-35.
75. Nunes T, Pretzlik U, Olsson J. Deaf Children's Social Relationships in Mainstream Schools. Deafness & Education International. 2001;3(3):123-36.
76. Wauters LN, Knoors H. Social Integration of Deaf Children in Inclusive Settings. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2007;13(1):21-36.
77. Andersson G, Olsson E, Rydell A-M, Larser HC. Social Competence and Behavioural Problems in Children with Hearing Impairment. Audiology. 2000;39(2):88-92.
78. Movallali G, Ashori M, Jalil-Abkenar SS, Salehy Z. Effect of Life Skills Training on Social Skills of Hearing Impaired Students. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME). 2014;4(5):28-34.
79. Moeller MP. Current State of Knowledge: Psychosocial Development in Children With Hearing Impairment. Ear and Hearing. 2007;28(6):729-39.
80. JULIA M, DAVIS NTS. CHARACTERISTICS OF HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS: PART II~ PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL DATA. 1981.
81. ROBERT JMDJE, BENTLER SRA. Effects of Mild and Moderate Hearing Impairments on Language, Educational, and Psychosocial Behavior of Children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders. 1986;51:062.
82. Longoria AQ, Page MC, Hubbs‐Tait L, Kennison SM. Relationship Between Kindergarten Children’s Language Ability and Social Competence. Early Child Development and Care. 2009;179(7):919-29.
83. Barnett MA, Gustafsson H, Deng M, Mills‐Koonce WR, Cox M. Bidirectional Associations Among Sensitive Parenting, Language Development, and Social Competence. Infant and Child Development. 2012;21(4):374-93.
84. Vygotsky LS. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes: Harvard university press; 1980.
85. Hoffman MF, Quittner AL, Cejas I. Comparisons of Social Competence in Young Children with and without Hearing Loss: A Dynamic Systems Framework. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2014;20(2):115-24.
86. Most T, Ingber S, Heled-Ariam E. Social Competence, Sense of Loneliness, and Speech Intelligibility of Young Children with Hearing Loss in Individual Inclusion and Group Inclusion. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2011;17(2):259-72.
87. Bat‐Chava Y, Martin D, Kosciw JG. Longitudinal Improvements in Communication and Socialization of Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids: Evidence From Parental Reports. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2005;46(12):1287-96.
88. Parladé MV, Iverson JM. The Interplay Between Language, Gesture, and Affect During Communicative Transition: A Dynamic Systems Approach. Developmental Psychology. 2011;47(3):820.
89. Ron Nelson J, Benner GJ, Cheney D. An Investigation of the Language Skills of Students with Emotional Disturbance Served in Public School Settings. The Journal of Special Education. 2005;39(2):97-105.
90. Sasamori H, Gokami T, Kuboyama S, Kobayashi M, Hirose Y, Sawada M. Current Situation and Problems for Early Detection and Early Support for Children with Developmental Disability. Bulletin of the National Institute of Special Needs Education. 2010;37:3-15.
91. Hargrove ML. Learning Disabilities: Early Identification Signals for Parents and Teachers. Education. 1982;102(4):366-68.
92. Koeda T, Tomita Y, Takeshita K. Prognosis of Three-Year-Old Children with Developmental Speech Delay: Reading and Writing Abilities at Eight Years of Age. No To Hattatsu Brain and development. 1990;22(3):235-40.
93. Beitchman JH, Wilson B, Brownlie E, Walters H, Lancee W. Long-term Consistency in Speech/Language Profiles: I. Developmental and Academic outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996;35(6):804-14.
94. Beitchman JH, Nair R, Clegg M, Ferguson B, Patel P. Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Speech and Language Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 1986;25(4):528-35.
95. Nicholas JG, Geers AE. Hearing Status, Language Modality, and Young Children's Communicative and Linguistic Behavior. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2003;8(4):422-37.
96. Geers AE, Nicholas JG, Sedey AL. Language Skills of Children with Early Cochlear Implantation. Ear and Hearing. 2003;24(1):46S-58S.
97. Gresham FM, Elliott SN. Social Skills Rating System: Manual: American Guidance Service; 1990.
98. Gallagher TM. Interrelationships Among Children's Language, Behavior, and Emotional Problems. Topics in language disorders. 1999;19(2):1-15.
99. Venail F, Vieu A, Artieres F, Mondain M, Uziel A. Educational and Employment Achievements in Prelingually Deaf Children Who Receive Cochlear Implants. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2010;136(4):366-72.
100. Leigh IW, Maxwell-McCaw D, Bat-Chava Y, Christiansen JB. Correlates of Psychosocial Adjustment in Deaf Adolescents with and without Cochlear Implants: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Deaf studies and Deaf Education. 2008;14(2):244-59.
101. Quittner AL, Leibach P, Marciel K. The Impact of Cochlear Implants on Young Deaf Children: New Methods to Assess Cognitive and Behavioral Development. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2004;130(5):547-54.
102. Geers AE. Predictors of Reading Skill Development in Children with Early Cochlear Implantation. Ear and Hearing. 2003;24(1):59S-68S.
103. Sarant J. Cochlear ımplants in children: A review. Hearing Loss: InTech; 2012.
104. Marschark M, Rhoten C, Fabich M. Effects of Cochlear Implants on Children's Reading and Academic Achievement. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2007;12(3):269-82.
105. Paul PV. Literacy and deafness: The Development of Reading, Writing, and Literate Thought: Pearson College Division; 1998.
106. Connor CM, Zwolan TA. Examining Multiple Sources of Influence on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Children Who Use Cochlear Implants. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2004;47(3):509-26.
107. Johnson C, Goswami U. Phonological Awareness, Vocabulary, and Reading in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2010;53(2):237-61.
108. Nicholas JG, Geers AE. Expected Test Scores for Preschoolers with a Cochlear Implant Who Use Spoken Language. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 2008;17(2):121-38.
109. El-Hakim H, Levasseur J, Papsin BC, Panesar J, Mount RJ, Stevens D, et al. Assessment of Vocabulary Development in Children After Cochlear Implantation. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2001;127(9):1053-9.
110. Archbold S, Harris M, O’Donoghue G, Nikolopoulos T, White A, Richmond HL. Reading Abilities After Cochlear Implantation: The Effect of Age at Implantation on Outcomes at 5 and 7 Years After Implantation. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2008;72(10):1471-8.
111. James D, Rajput K, Brinton J, Goswami U. Phonological Awareness, Vocabulary, and Word Reading in Children who Use Cochlear Implants: Does age of implantation explain individual variability in performance outcomes and growth? Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2007;13(1):117-37.
112. Lichtenstein EH. The Relationships Between Reading Processes and English Skills of Deaf College Students. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 1998;3(2):80-134.
113. Meadow-Orlans KP. Deafness and Child Development: Univ of California Press; 1980.
114. Watson SM, Henggeler SW, Whelan JP. Family Functioning and the Social Adaptation of Hearing-Impaired Youths. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1990;18(2):143-63.
115. Marschark M. Psychological Development of Deaf Children: Oxford University Press on Demand; 1997.
116. Schorr EA. Early Cochlear Implant Experience and Emotional Functioning During Childhood: Loneliness in Middle and Late Childhood. The Volta Review. 2006;106(3):365.
117. Dammeyer J. Psychosocial Development in a Danish Population of Children with Cochlear Implants and Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2009;15(1):50-8.
118. Loy B, Warner-Czyz AD, Tong L, Tobey EA, Roland PS. The Children Speak: An Examination of The Quality of Life of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. 2010;142(2):247-53.
119. Huber M. Health-Related Quality of Life of Austrian Children and Adolescents with Cochlear Implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2005;69(8):1089-101.
120. Warner-Czyz AD, Loy B, Roland PS, Tong L, Tobey EA. Parent versus Child Assessment of Quality of Life in Children Using Cochlear Implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2009;73(10):1423-9.
121. Punch R, Hyde M. Social Participation of Children and Adolescents with Cochlear Implants: A Qualitative Analysis of Parent, Teacher, and Child Interviews. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2011;16(4):474-93.
122. Martin D, Bat-Chava Y, Lalwani A, Waltzman SB. Peer Relationships of Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants: Predictors of Peer Entry and Peer Interaction Success. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2010;16(1):108-20.
123. Correia-Zanini MRG, Marturano EM. Getting Started in Elementary School: Cognitive Competence, Social Skills, Behavior, and Stress. Psico-USF. 2016;21(2):305-17.
124. Batten G, Oakes PM, Alexander T. Factors Associated with Social Interactions Between Deaf Children and Their Hearing Peers: A systematic literature review. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2013;19(3):285-302.
125. Geers A, Ross M. Performance Aspects of Mainstreaming. Hearing Impaired Children in the Mainstream. 1990:275-97.
126. Stinson M, Antia S. Considerations in Educating Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students in Inclusive Settings. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 1999;4(3):163-75.
127. KARGIN T. Kaynaştırma: tanımı, gelişimi ve ilkeleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi. 2004;5(02).
128. BATU ES. Kaynaştırma, destek hizmetler ve kaynaştırmaya hazırlık etkinlikleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi. 2000;2(04).
129. Sucuoğlu B, Kargın T. İlköğretimde kaynaştırma uygulamaları: Morpa; 2006.
130. BERUMENT PSK, GÜVEN AG. Türkçe İfade Edici ve Alıcı Dil (TİFALDİ) Testi: I. Alıcı Dil Kelime Alt Testi Standardizasyon ve Güvenilirlik Geçerlik Çalışması.
131. Hendar O, Dammeyer J. A Literature Analysis of Themes in Paediatric Cochlear Implant Research. Commun Disord Deaf Stud Hearing Aids. 2015;3(130):2.
132. Boyd RC, Knutson JF, Dahlstrom AJ. Social Interaction of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients with Age-Matched Peers. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2000;109(12_suppl):105-9.
133. Thoutenhoofd E. Cochlear Implanted Pupils in Scottish Schools: 4-Year School Attainment Sata (2000–2004). Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2006;11(2):171-88.
134. Damen GW, van den Oever-Goltstein MH, Langereis MC, Chute PM, Mylanus EA. Classroom Performance of Children with Cochlear Implants in Mainstream Education. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2006;115(7):542-52.
135. Jiménez-Romero MS. The Influence of Cochlear Implants on Behaviour Problems in Deaf Children. Psicothema. 2015;27(3):229-34.
136. Chao W-C, Lee L-A, Liu T-C, Tsou Y-T, Chan K-C, Wu C-M. Behavior Problems in Children with Cochlear Implants. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2015;79(5):648-53.
137. Ketelaar L, Rieffe C, Wiefferink CH, Frijns JH. Does Hearing Lead to Understanding? Theory of Mind in Toddlers and Preschoolers with Cochlear Implants. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2012;37(9):1041-50.
138. Peterson CC. Theory‐of‐Mind Development in Oral Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants or Conventional Hearing Aids. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2004;45(6):1096-106.
139. Yoon PJ. Pediatric Cochlear Implantation. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2011;23(3):346-50.
140. Nicholas JG, Geers AE. Will They Catch Up? The Role of Age at Cochlear Implantation in the Spoken Language Development of Children with Severe to Profound Hearing Loss. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2007;50(4):1048-62.
141. Tomblin JB, Barker BA, Spencer LJ, Zhang X, Gantz BJ. The effect of Age at Cochlear Implant Initial Stimulation on Expressive Language Growth in Infants and Toddlers. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2005;48(4):853-67.
142. Connor CM, Craig HK, Raudenbush SW, Heavner K, Zwolan TA. The age at which young deaf children receive cochlear implants and their vocabulary and speech-production growth: is there an added value for early implantation? Ear and hearing. 2006;27(6):628-44.
143. Duchesne L, Sutton A, Bergeron F. Language achievement in children who received cochlear implants between 1 and 2 years of age: Group trends and individual patterns. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2009;14(4):465-85.
144. Geers AE, Moog JS, Biedenstein J, Brenner C, Hayes H. Spoken language scores of children using cochlear implants compared to hearing age-mates at school entry. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2009;14(3):371-85.
145. Geers AE. Factors influencing spoken language outcomes in children following early cochlear implantation. Cochlear and brainstem implants. 64: Karger Publishers; 2006. p. 50-65.
146. Svirsky MA, Teoh S-W, Neuburger H. Development of language and speech perception in congenitally, profoundly deaf children as a function of age at cochlear implantation. Audiology and Neurotology. 2004;9(4):224-33.
147. Bat-Chava Y, Deignan E. Peer relationships of children with cochlear implants. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 2001;6(3):186-99.
148. Mayer C, Watson L, Archbold S, Ng ZY, Mulla I. Reading and Writing Skills of Deaf Pupils with Cochlear Implants. Deafness & Education International. 2016;18(2):71-86.
149. Motasaddi-Zarandy M, Rezai H, Mahdavi-Arab M, Golestan B. The scholastic achievement of profoundly deaf children with cochlear implants compared to their normal peers. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2009;12(5):441-7.
150. Edwards L, Khan S, Broxholme C, Langdon D. Exploration of the cognitive and behavioural consequences of paediatric cochlear implantation. Cochlear Implants International. 2006;7(2):61-76.
151. Khan S, Edwards L, Langdon D. The cognition and behaviour of children with cochlear implants, children with hearing aids and their hearing peers: a comparison. Audiology and Neurotology. 2005;10(2):117-26.
152. Knutson JF, Wald RL, Ehlers SL, Tyler RS. Psychological consequences of pediatric cochlear implant use. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2000;109(12_suppl):109-11.
153. De Giacomo A, Craig F, D’Elia A, Giagnotti F, Matera E, Quaranta N. Children with cochlear implants: cognitive skills, adaptive behaviors, social and emotional skills. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2013;77(12):1975-9.
154. Niparko JK. Cochlear implants: principles & practices. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. 138-9 p.
155. Kronenberger WG, Pisoni DB, Henning SC, Colson BG. Executive functioning skills in long-term users of cochlear implants: A case control study. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2013;38(8):902-14.
156. Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. Journal of comparative Neurology. 1997;387(2):167-78.
157. Szagun G. Language acquisition in young German-speaking children with cochlear implants: Individual differences and implications for conceptions of a ‘sensitive phase’. Audiology and Neurotology. 2001;6(5):288-97.
158. Sugaya A, Fukushima K, Kasai N, Kataoka Y, Maeda Y, Nagayasu R, et al. Impact of early intervention on comprehensive language and academic achievement in Japanese hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2015;79(12):2142-6.
159. Nicholas JG, Geers AE. Effects of early auditory experience on the spoken language of deaf children at 3 years of age. Ear and hearing. 2006;27(3):286.
160. Pisoni DB, Conway CM, Kronenberger W, Henning S, Anaya E. Executive function, cognitive control, and sequence learning in deaf children with cochlear implants. Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education. 2012;2.
161. Beer J, Pisoni DB, Kronenberger W. Executive function in children with cochlear implants: The role of organizational-integrative processes. Volta voices. 2009;16(3):18.