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Threat of Nuclear Terrorism: Towards An Effective Nuclear Security Regime

dc.contributor.advisorUdum, Şebnem
dc.contributor.authorAlkış, Muhammed Ali
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-31T07:24:45Z
dc.date.available2017-07-31T07:24:45Z
dc.date.issued2017-06-29
dc.date.submitted2017-06-06
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dc.identifier.other10153272
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/3794
dc.description.abstractTerrorism has always been a part of human history with various forms. However, it had not been such a clear and present danger till the 9/11 attacks. With the 9/11 attacks, terrorism has evolved into a new terrorism, mega terrorism, which only aims to change the system with sensational attacks causing so many deaths. And today, it poses a threat with the form of nuclear terrorism. Its potential rate of lethality would not be compared with any other forms of terrorism if terrorists managed to detonate an intact nuclear weapon or an improvised nuclear device. In addition, psychological effects of sabotaging a nuclear facility or exploding a “dirty bomb” would be much more powerful than any other forms of terrorism. Yet, as a response, states have already started to cooperate against the threat of nuclear terrorism through various international responses which are known as nuclear security. But, nuclear security is still developing and seems not strong enough to effectively cope with the threat of nuclear terrorism. On the other hand, there is the international nuclear nonproliferation regime based on three pillars of nuclear nonproliferation, peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear disarmament. However, its scope is limited to address threats stemming from traditional state actors such as nuclear war and proliferation. Nonetheless, this regime still offers a useful base for nuclear security to develop itself. Therefore, the thesis is an attempt to propose a more effective framework for the international responses to the threat of nuclear terrorism which would lead to more effective nuclear security with the guidance and inspiration of international nuclear nonproliferation regime.tr_TR
dc.description.tableofcontentsKABUL VE ONAY ................................................................................................ i BİLDİRİM ............................................................................................................. ii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI....................... iii ETİK BEYAN ....................................................................................................... iv ÖZET ...................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vii ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. ix FIGURE ............................................................................................................... xii TABLES ............................................................................................................... xii INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER I: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ............................................... 8 1.1. CHANGING NATURE OF WAR ....................................................... 8 1.2 TERRORISM ....................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Evolution of Terrorism ............................................................. 15 1.2.2. Nuclear Terrorism .................................................................... 20 1.3. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO COOPERATION ............. 24 1.3.1. Realism ..................................................................................... 25 1.3.2. Liberalism................................................................................. 27 CHAPTER II: NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION REGIME AND NUCLEAR SECURITY ..................................................................................... 36 2.1 NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION REGIME ............................... 37 2.1.1. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, NPT) ................................................ 39 2.1.2. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ......................... 43 2.1.3. Conference on Disarmament (CD) ........................................... 47 2.1.4. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) .................. 49 2.1.5. Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT) .................................. 50 2.1.6. Zangger Committee (ZAC) ...................................................... 51 2.1.7. Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) .............................................. 52 2.1.8. Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones ................................................... 54 2.2 INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES TO NUCLEAR TERRORISM . 60 2.2.1. UN Security Council Resolution 1373 ..................................... 61 2.2.2. UN Security Council Resolution 1540 ..................................... 62 2.2.3. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and 2005 Amendment .............................................. 63 2.2.4. International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT) ................................................................ 66 2.2.5. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation and 2005 Protocol (SUA Convention) .............................................................................. 68 2.2.6. Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) ...................................... 69 2.2.7 Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT) ........ 70 2.2.8. Nuclear Security Summits ........................................................ 70 2.2.9. World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) .......................... 72 2.2.10. International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) 73 CHAPTER III: NUCLEAR TERRORISM ...................................................... 75 3.1. WHO MIGHT BE A NUCLEAR TERRORIST?............................. 76 3.1.1. Politico-Religious Groups ........................................................ 77 3.1.2. Nationalist/Separatist Terrorist Groups .................................... 80 3.1.3. Single-issue Terrorist Groups................................................... 81 3.2. THE FOUR FACES OF NUCLEAR TERRORISM ........................ 83 3.2.1. Acquisition of a Nuclear Weapon ............................................ 84 3.2.2. Manufacturing an Improvised Nuclear Device ........................ 88 3.2.3. Sabotage of a Nuclear Facility ................................................. 92 3.2.3.1 Targeting Critical Infrastructure ................................... 92 3.2.3.2 Suicidal Airplane Crashes ............................................. 94 3.2.3.3 Other Sabotage Methods ............................................... 95 3.2.4. Radiological Dispersal Device (Dirty Bomb) .......................... 95 3.3 PROPOSED APPROACH TO NUCLEAR SECURITY .................. 98 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 105 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 110 APPENDIX 1: Thesis Originality Report ....................................................... 132 APPENDIX 2: Tez Çalışması Orijinallik Raporu ......................................... 133 APPENDIX 3: Ethics Board Waiver Form for Thesis Work ....................... 134 APPENDIX 4: Etik Kurul İzin Muafiyeti Formu .......................................... 135tr_TR
dc.language.isoentr_TR
dc.publisherSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsütr_TR
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesstr_TR
dc.subjectNuclear Terrorismtr_TR
dc.subjectNuclear Securitytr_TR
dc.subjectNuclear Nonproliferation Regimetr_TR
dc.subjectNuclear Weapontr_TR
dc.subjectImprovised Nuclear Devicetr_TR
dc.subjectNuclear Facilitytr_TR
dc.subjectDirty Bombtr_TR
dc.titleThreat of Nuclear Terrorism: Towards An Effective Nuclear Security Regimetr_TR
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesistr_TR
dc.description.ozetTerörizm, çeşitli şekilleriyle her zaman insanlık tarihinin bir parçası olmuş, fakat 11 Eylül saldırılarına kadar hiç bu kadar net ve hissedilir bir tehdit olmamıştı. 11 Eylül saldırılarıyla birlikte, terörizm beraberinde çok fazla ölüm getirecek çarpıcı saldırılarla sistemi değiştirmeyi hedefleyen bir terörizme, mega-terörizme dönüştü. Ve bugün, terörizm nükleer terörizm şekliyle bir tehdit oluşturuyor. Eğer teröristler bir nükleer silahı veya kendi hazırladıkları bir nükleer cihazı patlatacak olursa, nükleer terörün muhtemel ölüm oranı diğer terör ölüm oranlarıyla kıyaslanamayacak kadar büyük olacaktır. Ayrıca, nükleer santralleri sabotaj etmek veya “kirli bomba” patlatmak gibi saldırıların da psikolojik etkileri diğer terörizm şekillerinden çok daha fazla etkili olacaktır. Bu noktada, bu tehdide karşı olarak ülkeler nükleer emniyet olarak bilinen çeşitli uluslararası tepkilerle işbirliği yapmaktadır. Fakat nükleer emniyet hala gelişme aşamasında olup, nükleer terörizmle etkili biçimde mücadele edecek kadar güçlü görünmemektedir. Diğer taraftan, nükleer silahsızlanma, nükleer enerjinin barışçıl amaçlarla kullanımı ve nükleer silahsızlanma üzerine kurulu uluslararası nükleer silahların yayılmasının önlenmesi rejimi bulunmaktadır. Ama bu rejimin kapsamı geleneksel devlet aktörlerinden kaynaklı nükleer savaş ve nükleer silahlanma gibi tehditleri içermektedir. Yine de, bu rejim nükleer emniyetin kendisini geliştirmesinde bir üs görevi görebilir. Bu nedenle, bu tez uluslararası nükleer silahların yayılmasının önlenmesi rejiminden esinlenerek, nükleer terör tehdidine karşı geliştirilen uluslararası tepkilerin daha etkili bir nükleer emniyet oluşturabilmesi için bir yapı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.tr_TR
dc.contributor.departmentUluslararası İlişkilertr_TR


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