Viyana-Berlin Üzerinden 1848 Devrimleri'nin Osmanlı Devleti'ne Etkileri

Abstract

The 1848 Revolutions in Europe affected politically, militarily and economically not only the states in which they occured, but also the Ottoman Empire. Assumptions that the Revolutions did not reach Central Anatolia lands or the Ottoman society did not possess the intellectual backround for a revolution, have been leading to incomplete interpretations. Even if an intellectual adjustment for enlightenment and secularization in lands where the Revolutions emerged, started almost one hundred year earlier and the Ottoman society didn’t participate in this transformation process, these important revolutions of 19th Century were momentous events in which the Ottoman Empire performed actively and was occasionally involved. Furthermore, these Revolutions had an damaging effect on Ottomans diplomatic and economic situation. In this research the intellectual transformation process leading to the Revolutions was handled firstly and a comprehensive analysis was brought forward this process. One of the most important events that affected directly Ottoman Empire, were the Revolutions in the Danubian Principalities and the reach of these Revolutions to a region under the suzerainity of the Ottoman Empire and protectorat of the Russian Empire. The Ottoman Empire had to take here an active role, first diplomatically and afterwards military.The intervention process here was specified in this study. As mentioned above, the 1848 Revolutions influenced the Empire not only in political and military, but also in economic ways. In the present study an example to this case was conveyed through the Port of Thesalloniki that was, after the Port of Istanbul, gradually becoming a vital gate opening in European trade. The ship movements on this Port and the increase and decrease of import and export over this Port were also analyzed and are showing the disturbances in the trade relations. For the Ottoman Empire the Danubien Principalities were not the only areas in crises. Serbia and Bosnia, but especially the Military borders between the Ottomans and the Austrian Empire were also problematically. Development and frustration as a result of Revolution became widespread among the people living in the near cities of the military borders, an open culture area. This development and frustration were dealt with in the last section of this study.