DEHB’li Çocuklarda Temporal Adaptasyon Müdahalesinin Aktivite Öz-Yeterliliği, Zaman Algısı ve Günlük Aktivite Rutini ile Yürütücü Becerilere Etkisinin İncelenmesi: 1 Ay Takipli Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Temporal Adaptation Intervention (TAI) on occupational self-efficacy, time perception, daily activity routine, and executive functions in children aged 9–12 years diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A total of 60 children were included and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The intervention group received both a conventional occupational therapy program and TAI once a week, whereas the control group received only the conventional occupational therapy program once a week. The Time Production Evaluation (TPrA), Time Discrimination Assessment (TDA), Child Activity Self-Evaluation (COSA), and the Executive Functions and Activity Routines Scale (YİARÖ) were administered before, immediately after, and one month following the 12-week intervention program. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups in age, TDA, TPrA, YİARÖ, or COSA scores (p > 0.05). Multivariate MANOVA and t-tests were used to analyze the intervention's effectiveness, revealing that the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in TDA, TPrA, YİARÖ, and COSA (p < 0.001). Additionally, t-test analyses indicated significant improvements with medium to high effect sizes (p < 0.05; Cohen’s d > 0.5) in all sub-outcomes except for social routines, school functions, and self-calming skills in the intervention group. The results suggest that TAI is effective in enhancing daily functional performance, time perception, and executive functions in children with ADHD, and that individualized application and family support are critical for transferring these gains into daily life.