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Kızılötesi Uygulamasının Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Tohumunun Bazı Bileşenleri ve Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

dc.contributor.advisorBaşman, Arzu
dc.contributor.authorDilbirliği, Elif Nur
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-03T10:17:38Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.submitted2024-12-26
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dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11655/36580
dc.description.abstractSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of Asteraceae/Compositae family, is a herbaceous annual oilseed crop. Safflower seeds, with their phenolic and flavonoid components, as well as serotonin derivatives, can exhibit health-beneficial effects such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory and tyrosinase inhibitory effects. Infrared (IR) treatment has obtained a great interest in the food industry, due to its advantages (short processing time, direct heat penetration, homogeneous temperature distribution, energy saving and low cost) over conventional heating. Infrared treatment has been used for roasting, drying, cooking, sterilization, enzyme inactivation, and for enhancing extraction of many bioactive components (polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.) by disintegrating the structure. To the best of our knowledge, in literature there is no study about the effects of infrared treatment on some components and properties of safflower seeds. Therefore, in this study, safflower seeds (cv. Hasankendi) were infrared treated at different powers (800W, 1000W and 1200W) and times (10 and 20 min). Effects of infrared treatment on protein, ash, color, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and CUPRAC), phenolic profile (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and acacetin), serotonin derivatives (N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin and N-feruloyl serotonin), tannin content, α-glucosidase inhibitory and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of safflower samples were investigated. Infrared treatment caused a gradual increase (except 800W-10min) in total phenolic content, as the power and time increased. For total flavonoid content, a gradual increase up to 1000W-20min and then a slight decrease at 1200W was observed. As compared to control, infrared treatment at 800W caused an increase in the radical scavenging activity while infrared treatment at 1000W and 1200W caused a decrease. For total antioxidant capacity, lower values were observed for safflower samples infrared treated at 800W, 1000W and 1200W-10min while a higher value was observed for 1200W-20min, as compared to control. Infrared treatment did not cause a significant change in chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin (except 1000W-20min and 1200W) and rutin (except 800W-20min and 1200W-20min) content, as compared to control. For other infrared treatments, a significant decrease was observed. A gradual significant decrease in quercetin content was observed for 800W and 1000W-10min treatments. For other infrared treatments, quercetin was not detected. p-coumaric acid was not detected in all samples. Acacetin was first detected at 1000W-20min, and a significant increase was observed as the infrared power and time increased. A significant increase in N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin content was observed for 800W-20min, 1000W, and 1200W-10min, as compared to control. A slight increase in N-feruloyl serotonin content was observed for 800W and 1000W-10min, and this increase was found to be significant for 800W-20min. For other infrared treatments, a slight decrease was observed for both serotonin derivatives, but this decrease was significant only for 1200W-20min. α-glucosidase inhibition of control sample was 74.23% and decreased to 74.22–69.15% by infrared treatment. Infrared treatment (except 800W-10min) caused an increase in tyrosinase inhibition of safflower samples, and this increase was found to be significant for 1000W-20min and 1200W. Tannin content of safflower samples increased by infrared treatment.tr_TR
dc.language.isoturtr_TR
dc.publisherFen Bilimleri Enstitüsütr_TR
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesstr_TR
dc.subjectAspir tohumutr_TR
dc.subjectTirozinaz İnhibisyonu
dc.subjectα-glukozidaz inhibisyonu
dc.subjectSerotonin türevleri
dc.subjectFenolik profil
dc.subjectAntioksidan aktivite
dc.subjectToplam flavonoid
dc.subjectToplam fenolik
dc.subjectKızılötesi
dc.subject.lcshGıda mühendisliğitr_TR
dc.titleKızılötesi Uygulamasının Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Tohumunun Bazı Bileşenleri ve Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisitr_TR
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesistr_TR
dc.description.ozetAspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.), Asteraceae veya Compositae familyasına ait otsu, yıllık yağ bitkisidir. Aspir tohumu, içerdiği fenolik ve flavonoid bileşenler, ayrıca serotonin türevleri ile antidiyabetik, antimikrobiyal ve anti-inflamatuar etki, antioksidan aktivite, α-glukozidaz inhibitör ve tirozinaz inhibitör etki gibi sağlığa faydalı etkiler gösterebilmektedir. Kızılötesi (IR, infrared) uygulamasının, geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla avantajlarından (kısa işlem süresi, direkt ürüne penetrasyon, homojen sıcaklık dağılımı, enerji tasarrufu ve düşük maliyet) dolayı gıda endüstrisinde kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Kızılötesi uygulaması kavurma, kurutma, pişirme, sterilizasyon, enzim inaktivasyonu ve yapıyı açarak birçok biyoaktif bileşenin (polifenoller, flavonoidler vb.) ekstraksiyonunu arttırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bilgimiz dahilinde, literatürde kızılötesi uygulamasının aspir tohumunun bazı bileşenleri ve özellikleri üzerine etkisini inceleyen bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu tez kapsamında aspir tohumlarına (Hasankendi çeşidi) farklı güç (800W, 1000W ve 1200W) ve sürelerde (10 ve 20dk) kızılötesi uygulanmıştır. Kızılötesi uygulamasının aspir örneklerinin protein, kül, renk, toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavonoid madde, antioksidan aktivite (DPPH ve CUPRAC), fenolik bileşen profili (klorojenik asit, p-kumarik asit, ferulik asit, rutin, kuersetin, luteolin ve akasetin), serotonin türevleri (N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin ve N-feruloyl serotonin), tanen miktarı, α-glukozidaz ve tirozinaz enzim inhibisyonu üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kızılötesi uygulaması, artan güç ve süre ile birlikte, toplam fenolik madde miktarında kademeli bir artışa (800W-10dk hariç) neden olmuştur. Toplam flavonoid madde miktarı için, 1000W-20dk örneği de dahil olmak üzere kademeli bir artış, sonrasında 1200W’ta hafif azalma gözlenmiştir. Kızılötesi uygulaması, 800W’ta radikal yakalama aktivitesinde kontrol örneğine kıyasla artışa neden olurken 1000W ve 1200W azalmaya neden olmuştur. Toplam antioksidan kapasite için 800W, 1000W ve 1200W-10dk kızılötesi uygulanmış aspir örneklerinde kontrol örneğine kıyasla daha düşük değerler gözlenirken 1200W-20dk örneğinde daha yüksek bir değer gözlenmiştir. Kızılötesi uygulaması, klorojenik asit, ferulik asit ve luteolin miktarlarını (1000W-20dk ve 1200W hariç) ayrıca rutin miktarını (800W-20dk ve 1200W-20dk hariç) kontrol örneğine kıyasla istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde değiştirmemiştir. Diğer kızılötesi güçlerinde bu bileşenlerin miktarlarında kontrol örneğine kıyasla istatistiksel olarak önemli bir azalma gözlenmiştir. 800W ve 1000W-10dk kızılötesi uygulaması ile kuersetin miktarında istatistiksel olarak önemli kademeli bir azalma gözlenmiştir. Diğer kızılötesi güçlerinde kuersetin tespit edilememiştir. Tüm aspir örneklerinde p-kumarik asit tespit edilememiştir. Akasetin ilk olarak 1000W-20dk kızılötesi uygulamasıyla birlikte aspir örneklerinde tespit edilebilmiş ve artan kızılötesi gücü ve süresi ile birlikte istatistiksel olarak önemli bir artış gözlenmiştir. N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin miktarı incelendiğinde 800W-20dk, 1000W ve 1200W-10dk kızılötesi uygulamasıyla kontrol örneğine kıyasla istatistiksel olarak önemli bir artış gözlenmiştir. N-feruloyl serotonin miktarında 800W ve 1000W-10dk kızılötesi uygulamasıyla kontrol örneğine kıyasla bir miktar artış gözlenmiş, 800W-20dk uygulamasında bu artış istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Serotonin türevlerinin her ikisinde de diğer kızılötesi uygulamalarında bir miktar azalma gözlenmiş, sadece 1200W-20dk uygulaması için gözlenen azalma istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Kontrol aspir örneğinin α-glukozidaz inhibisyonu %74.23 olarak belirlenmiş, kızılötesi uygulaması ile %74.22-69.15 aralığına düşmüştür. Kızılötesi uygulaması (800W-10dk hariç), aspir örneklerinin tirozinaz inhibisyonunu kontrol örneğine kıyasla arttırmış ve bu artış 1000W-20dk ve 1200W uygulamaları için istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Kızılötesi uygulaması ile aspir örneklerinin tanen miktarı artmıştır.tr_TR
dc.contributor.departmentGıda Mühendisliğitr_TR
dc.embargo.terms6 aytr_TR
dc.embargo.lift2025-07-08T10:17:38Z
dc.fundingYoktr_TR
dc.subtypeprojecttr_TR


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