Yutma Rehabilitasyonunda Kullanılan Üç Farklı Egzersizin Suprahyoid Kas Aktivasyonu, Kas Kuvveti, Disfaji Limiti ve Algılanan Yorgunluk Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Shaker, Chin-Tuck Against Resistance (CTAR), and ECC exercises on submental muscle activation, muscle strength, dysphagia limit, perceived exertion, and pain. In this parallel randomized controlled trial, surface electromyography recorded submental activations during isotonic components of the Shaker, CTAR, and ECC exercises in 54 healthy volunteers aged between 19-28 years. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of the three exercise groups (18 in each) and followed an 8-week program. Measurements of maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVC), muscle strength, dysphagia limit, perceived exertion, and pain were taken at baseline, week 4, and week 8. At the initial assessment, the Shaker exercise demonstrated lower submental muscle activation (p<0.05)compared to CTAR and ECC exercises. After eight weeks of exercise training, all groups showed improvements in submental MVC activation and muscle strength. Analysis of group X time effects indicated that the CTAR (0.36 ± 0.10) and ECC (0.40 ± 0.14) exercises were more effective in increasing submental MVC than the Shaker exercise (0.29 ± 0.19) (F=7.203, p<0.001). The ECC exercise also outperformed the Shaker (26.03 ± 5.86) and CTAR (27.95 ± 6.33) exercises in enhancing submental muscle strength (32.87 ± 6.55) (F=6.786, p<0.001). Perceived exertion (F=1.044, p=0.388) and pain (F=0.346, p=0.846) scores were comparable across all groups. As a result, by the 8th week, the ECC exercise achieved greater MVC gains than Shaker exercises and comparable gains to CTAR exercises in healthy young adults. It was observed that the ECC exercise was superior in terms of strength gain by the 8th week compared to Shaker and CTAR exercises. Shaker, CTAR, and ECC exercises demonstrated similar levels of perceived exertion and pain.