Karbon Vergilerinin İklim Değişikliği Açısından Önemi ve Türkiye'de Uygulanabilirliği

Abstract

Climate change which is generally considered to be an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations as a result of the emissions induced by the human activities and is one of the most significant issues on the global agenda, seriously threatens life and biodiversity on the Earth. Since the 80s, the increase in global temperatures has been brought to the agenda by various international institutions and the necessity of a global effort to combat climate change has been put forward. After this stage, meetings and summits aimed at combating climate change at the international level have gained great momentum. Our country has also taken various steps to combat global climate change and has made some commitments and pledges at international climate summits and conferences. At this point, the geopolitical position of our country is also very important. The geopolitical position of Türkiye makes it a natural "energy bridge" among the major oil producing regions. The rapid growth of the energy sector has been accompanied by the institutional reforms. One of the most significant developments has been the liberalization of the energy sector, including electricity generation and distribution, to both domestic and foreign private capital. The economic analysis of the potential effects of energy and carbon taxes has important implications for policy choices. States have played a leading role in protecting the environment by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Government emissions are significant on a global scale. Broad-based carbon/energy taxes are one of the most effective tools to encourage the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Carbon taxes will play an important role in controlling carbon dioxide emissions while increasing public revenues. Along with this, international organizations also state that carbon taxes should be applied to restrict greenhouse gas emissions. Türkiye is rapidly implementing sustainable environmental policies within the scope of green growth. However, there is currently no carbon tax implementation in Türkiye. The public's attitude on this issue is one of the important factors in the non-implementation of the tax. In this study, which examines the applicability of carbon taxes in Türkiye, carbon pricing, taxation and climate finance issues are also mentioned and the climate policies of Türkiye are examined. In the study, the current situation regarding the applicability of carbon tax in Türkiye is analyzed. The findings demonstrate that there are more potential weaknesses and challenges related to the applicability of the carbon tax in Türkiye.