MYRTUS COMMUNIS L. ÜZERİNE FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK ARAŞTIRMALAR
Özet
Myrtus communis L., a member of the Myrtaceae family, is a naturally growing, evergreen plant in our country. It is used internally in stress management, diabetes treatment, wound healing, cholesterol lowering, diarrhea and constipation treatment. In this thesis study, the effects of M. communis leaf extracts, fractions and pure compounds isolated by chromatographic methods on oxidative stress, inflammation and α-synuclein fibrils linked to Parkinson's pathology were investigated with in vitro tests. Within this scope, M. communis was examined anatomically and morphologically and pharmacopoeial analyses were performed to create a reference source for the plant's pharmacopoeial monograph. The secondary metabolite groups in the plant content were determined qualitatively by general diagnostic reactions and quantitative substance amount determinations were made. Six pure compounds isolated from the 80% EtOH extraction of the plant leaves by various chromatographic methods were determined by 1D NMR and HE-ESI-MS methods. Two flavonoids, myrcitrin (MC-02), quercitrin (MC-05); three triterpenes, ursolic acid (MC-09), corosolic acid (MC-11) and asiatic acid (MC-18), and gallomirtukommulon C (MC-04) in phloroglucinol structure were isolated as pure compound. 5 different antioxidant activity tests, namely ABTS, CUPRAC, DPPH, FRAP and NO in vitro; 3 different enzyme inhibition tests, namely elastase, collagenase and tyrosinase in vitro were applied on 80% EtOH and water extract of the plant, and subfractions obtained from 80% EtOH by chromatographic methods. Although all samples showed antioxidant properties, it was understood that the highest antioxidant activity was at the level of the extracts. It was understood that the samples did not inhibit the elastase enzyme. When the collagenase enzyme inhibition test results were examined, the highest activity was shown by the water extract of the plant. In the results of tyrosinase enzyme inhibition test, the highest activity was seen in 80% EtOH extract of the plant. The percent contents of pure compounds isolated from the plant, plant extracts and subfractions obtained by chromatographic methods were analyzed by metabolomics methods. As a result of metabolomics analysis, it was supported that the most appropriate extracts and subfractions were selected for chromatographic methods and continuation of isolation. The effects of extracts and subfractions on low and high molecular weight α-synuclein fibrils were analyzed by Western blot method and it was determined that the MCE-Fr.E was the most effective sample in reducing α-synuclein fibrils. The effect of isolated pure compounds on α-synuclein found in Parkinson's pathology was analyzed by in silico molecular docking method. As a result, it was seen that the most effective compound on α-synuclein was corosolic acid (MC-11). Finally, the effects of 80% EtOH and water extract of the plant, subfractions obtained from 80% EtOH by chromatographic methods and isolated pure compounds on cell viability in SH-SY5Y cell line were investigated. It was observed that gallomirtukommulon C (MC-04) had the highest IC50 value.
