XIX. YÜZYIL TÜRK ROMANINDA MİMARİ KÜLTÜR

Abstract

In this study, architectural culture was examined in Ottoman-Turkish copyright novels published and printed between 1851-1900. In this context, works written in the 19th century, starting from Akabi Hikâyesi, and ending with Aşk-ı Memnu, were evaluated. Translated and serialized novels are excluded from the study. However, novels that were first serialized and later published entirely were included in the scope of the study. In this regard, one hundred and twenty novels were examined and the main ones are Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Namık Kemal, Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem, Fatma Aliye Hanım, Emine Semiyye Hanım, Abdullah Zühtü, Ahmet Rasim, Mehmet Celal, Mustafa Reşit, Vecihî, Nabizade Nazım, Samipaşazade Sezai, Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Mehmet Rauf, and Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar. In order to create a basis for the study, in the introduction, general architectural definitions, literature-architecture relationship and typology of Ottoman architecture from past to present are mentioned under the title of reading the spirit of the city from architecture. In the thesis, architectural culture was evaluated within the framework of five main sections. In the first part, residential architecture is discussed. In this context, the architectural types emphasized are: mansion, waterside residence, household/house, apartment and hut. In this first part, which constitutes the largest part of the study, the mansion, as a building type, appears frequently in the works. The second part of the study was created by examining public buildings. In this context, building types such as educational buildings, government offices, places of worship, printing houses are discussed and the section is examined under ten subheadings. In this section, as a different picture from residential architecture, it has been observed that the interior and exterior architectural features of public buildings are not generally mentioned much, but are included in the works either nominally or functionally. The third chapter focuses on the architectural appearance in public spaces. This section has been examined under six subheadings such as neighborhoods, squares and recreation areas. Gardens and recreation areas, which were especially popular in the nineteenth century, were discussed in the works with their functional aspects as places that allowed men and women to meet and know each other, rather than their architectural features. In the fourth section, architectural changes are evaluated. This section is divided into two subsections: Urbanization in Ottoman architecture and urban destruction caused by disasters such as fires and earthquakes are discussed at this stage. The measures taken and the architectural changes made, especially as a result of the large fires that destroyed the neighborhoods, were very effective in changing and transforming the urban appearance. In the last part of our study, we focused on the architectural perception of other cities. This main section has been evaluated in three subsections: Ottoman cities outside Istanbul, European cities and Arab cities. Especially European cities are described in detail in the works of writers such as Ahmet Mithat Efendi, and it is aimed to give information about those cities to readers who do not have the chance to go there and see them.