Kazakçadaki Rusça Kopyalar

Abstract

Languages affect each other when they come face to face for various reasons such as historical, social, economic, geographical, political, etc. This interaction can be between languages belonging to two different language families or between members of the same language family. Depending on the level of interaction, languages can make lexical, morphological, semantic, and syntactic copies from each other. This mutual interaction becomes even deeper especially in the case of bilingualism. Turkic-speaking peoples have spread to various regions of Eurasia for centuries. The relations they established with the communities they encountered in the regions where they spread brought along linguistic interaction. While Turkic languages sometimes influenced the languages they encountered as source languages, sometimes they were influenced by them as target languages. One of the languages with which Turkic languages have intensive linguistic relations is Slavic languages. We can observe the influence of these languages from lexical to syntactic level in the languages of Turkish communities living together with other Slavic nations, especially Russians. From the early 18th century until the end of the 20th century, the Kazakh society, which remained under Russian rule, established its own independent state in 1991; however, the Russian influence continued after this date and affected it culturally, socially, and linguistically. In this study, firstly, the social dimension of the relationship and its reflections on the language relationship were evaluated by focusing on non-linguistic factors to create a basis for the investigation of the factors arising from the structure of the language. Then, the linguistic relations between Kazakh and Russian, which belong to two different language families that have interacted for many years due to historical and political reasons, are examined within the framework of Lars Johanson's code copying theory and the linguistic influence of Russian on Kazakh is analyzed. Russian copies in Kazakh are classified and explained. Thus, it has been determined that the influence of Russian is not limited to the vocabulary of Kazakh but is seen at almost every level of grammatical categories, and there are many merger copies, especially due to one-to-one translations.