Ülke İçi Yerinden Edilenlerin Deneyimleri ve Psikososyal Gereksinimleri
Özet
Armed conflict has been ongoing in the Eastern and Southeastern regions of Turkey for nearly four decades. The ongoing conflicts since 1984 have led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people in these two regions. In 2015-2016, the phenomenon of urban displacement emerged due to conflicts that spread to urban areas. This study has two objectives. The first objective of the study is to explore how people displaced by conflict experience displacement in an environment of conflict and violence, the problems they face, their needs and post-migration life challenges. The second aim of the study is to determine the exposure of those displaced due to conflict and violence to traumatic events and their level of impact.
The study was conducted through mixed method research. The field of the study was determined as the Sur district of Diyarbakır city center where displacement took place. In the qualitative dimension, in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 people (15 men and 12 women) in Sur district. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview form. In the quantitative dimension, data were collected from 219 people. Data were collected through the Impact of Events Scale, Trauma Exposure Scale and Sociodemographic Form. The analysis of the qualitative data obtained within the scope of the research was made in the form of coding, and the SPSS26 program was used to analyze the quantitative data.
Displaced people have experienced psychological difficulties, especially trauma; economic and social problems such as access to health services and education, housing problems, discrimination, language difficulties, poverty and unemployment. Psychosocial support for IDPs has been provided in a limited manner through public institutions and civil society organizations. However, it was found that the psychosocial support provided was inadequate and that IDPs had difficulties in adapting to their new living spaces. Multicultural and ethnic sensitive social work is based on anti-oppression and empowerment approaches to address the problems and needs of Internally displaced persons and groups to protect their mental health and social well-being. It is important to develop programs to compensate the material losses of the displaced and to develop effective and holistic policies to solve economic, social and trauma-related mental health problems.
