Abstract
Oral health education programs have great importance to improve the oral health of children and the primary school provides a unique setting for such programs. Therefore this study aimed to compare the effectiveness on dental healthcare knowledge and behavior changes of instructional video and leaflet dental health education materials for school-aged children. This study was carried out on 291 children who were randomly selected from 2nd class students of three different primary schools in Yenimahalle district, Ankara. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding oral health knowledge. All children were examined in the classroom and clinical data on dental and gingival health were collected by using DMFT/S-dmft/s, dental plaque and gingival indices. Then the children were divided into 3 groups and the first group was instructed with the leaflet material, the second group was instructed with the video material and no education was given to the third group (control group) during three months. The difference about oral health knowledge and dental and gingival health of children were evaluated after three months. Education groups, either with video or leaflet showed significant positive changes in tooth brushing habit and using toothpaste Moreover, their knowledge about benefits of fluoride, dental floss, healthy nutritional habits, and routine dental visits increased significantly. (p<0,05). Although dental plaque index decreased statistically in the all groups (p<0,05), there was no difference about the gingival index (p>0,05). Dental education methods were more effective in girls than boys as a whole, whereas instructional video material was more effective for boys than girls, leaflet education method is more effective in girls than boys. Also the instructional video method was found more effective than leaflet education method .In conclusion, education both with instructional video and leaflet is effective in increasing oral health knowledge of children.
xmlui.mirage2.itemSummaryView.Collections
xmlui.dri2xhtml.METS-1.0.item-citation
1. Ayaz S, T.S., Akıncı F (2005), Hemşirelik yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sağlığı geliştirme davranışları. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 9(2), 26-34.
2. Eren N, Ö.P. (1995). Halk Sağlığının Gelişmesi. Ankara: Güneş Kitabevi.
3. İçtin, E. (2013,İzmir) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 2003 Dünya ağız-diş sağlığı raporunun değerlendirilmesi. Bitirme tezi. Ege Üniv.Tıp Fak. Halk Sağlığı ABD.
4. Gökalp, S., Dogan, B., Tekçiçek, M., Berberoğlu, A.,Ünlüer, Ş. (2007) Beş, on iki ve on yaş çocukların ağız diş sağlığı profili. Türkiye-2004, Hacettepe Diş hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 31 (4), 3-10.
5. Sheiham A, W. (2003 JG). Oral health policy and prevention (4 th bs.). Oxford:Oxford University Press.
6. Kay,EJ,(1996) Is dental health education effective a system in review of current evidence community. Dent Oral Epidemiol, 24, 231-235.
7. Eronat, N., Koparal,E, Alakaent,B. (1998) Etkili bir ağız diş sağlığı eğitimi nasıl olmalı. Pedodonti klinik araştırmalar derg., 2(4), 299-302.
8. Eronat N, K.E., Ertuğrul F. (2000) Etkili bir ağız –diş sağlığı eğitimi nasıl olmalı? Akademik Dental Dişhekimliği Dergisi, 2 (4), 38-45.
9. Bacanlı, H. (2004). Gelişim ve Öğrenme ANKARA: Nobel.
10. Santrock, J.W. (2011). Yaşam Boyu Gelişim, Gelişim Psikolojisi (c. 1). ANKARA: Nobel.
11. Santrock, J.W. (2011). Erken Çocuklukta Fiziksel Ve Bilişsel Gelişim. G. Yüksel (Ed.). Yaşam boyu gelişim; gelişim psikolojisi (13 bs., s. 208-240). Ankara: Nobel Yayın
12. Pinkham, J.R. (2009). Süt Dişlenme Yılları: Üç Altı yaş arası. Değişimin Dinamikleri. Fiziksel, Bilişsel, Duygusal, Sosyal Değişiklikler. J. R. Pinkham, P. S. Casamassimo, H. W. Fields, D. J. McTigue & A. J. Nowak (Ed.). Çocuk Diş Hekimliği, Bebeklikten Ergenliğe (s. 276-283). Ankara: Atlas Kitapçılık
13. Arslan, E., Arı, Ramazan. (2008) “Erikson’un Psikososyal Gelişim Dönemleri Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlama, Güvenirlik Ve Geçerlik Çalışması”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19, 53-60.
14. Erden, M. (2001). Sınıf Yönetimi. İstanbul: Alkım Yay.
15. Yaylacı, G.Ö. (2007) “İlköğretim Düzeyinde Kariyer Eğitimi ve Danışmanlığı” Bilig 40, 119-140.
16. Muratlı, S. (2003). Çocuk ve Spor. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
17. Yapıcı, Ş.,Yapıcı, M. (2005) Gelişim ve Öğrenme Psikolojisi. Anı Yay., Ankara.
18. Güneş, F. (2013) Okuma Yazma Öğrenme Yaşı/Age for Learning Literate. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 9 (4), 280-298.
19. Demir, C.,Yapıcı, M. (2007) Ana Dili Olarak Türkçenin Öğretimi ve Sorunları. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9 (2).
20. Tyler, R. W. Basic Principle of Curriculum and Instruction. 4.
21. Ersoy, Ö.,Şahin, F.T. (1999) 0-6 yaş döneminde anne-baba eğitiminin önemi. Mesleki Eğitim Dergisi, 1 (1), 58-62.
22. Kemerlioğlu, E., Kızılçelik, S. ve Gündüz, M. . (1996). Eğitim Sosyolojisi. İzmir: Saray Kitabevi Yayınları.
23. Yavuzer, H. (1999b), Çocuk Psikolojisi. 19. Baskı, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
24. Özer, K., Özer, S. . (1998), Çocuklarda Motor Gelişim. Kazancı Matbaacılık, İstanbul.
25. Kale, R. (1999), Okul Öncesi Dönemde Çocuk Beden Eğitimi ve Oyun Öğretimi. Kozan Ofset, Ankara.
26. Özer, K., Özer, S. (1998), Çocuklarda Motor Gelişim. Kazancı Matbaacılık, İstanbul. .
27. Mengütay, S. (1997), Okul Öncesi ve İlkokullarda Haraket Gelişimi ve Spor, İstanbul,
.28. Variş, F. Eğitimde Program Geliştirme-Teori ve Teknikler. 14.
29. Aydın, M., Ünal, L. I., Balcı, E., Koçak, Y., Burgaz, B. (1991) Eğitim Sosyolojisi. Gazi Büro Kitabevi, Ankara., 4.
30. Çilenti, K. (1984).Eğitim Teknolojisi ve Öğretim.Ankara: Gül Yayınevi.
31. Alkan, C. (1998).Eğitim teknolojisi 6. Baskı . Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
32. Seferoğlu, S.S. ((2014).Öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal tasarımı. 8. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi).
33. Heinich, R., Molenda,M.,Russell,J.D. ((1993).İnstructionelmedia and the new technologies of instruction.4. edt.New York: Macmillan Publishing Company).
34. Myatt, B., Carter,J,M. ((1979).Picture preferencesof children and young adults. Educational Communication and Technology Journal .27(1). 45-53).
35. Yılmaz.M. (2005).Farklı öğrenme ortamlarının kalıcılığa etkisi.Yüksek lisans tezi.Ankara:Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
36. Newby, T.J., Stepich,D.A.,Lehman,J.D.,Russel,J.D. (2000) İnstructional technology for teaching and learning: Designing instruction, integrating computers and using media. Upper Saddle River,NJ: Merril,an imprint of Prentice Hall.
37. Tabak, R., S.(2000.) Sağlık Eğitimi.Somgür Yayınları. Ankara
38. Pine, C.(1997). Community Oral Health. Wright
39. Oktay, İ.(2000) Ağız Diş Sağlığının Geliştirilmesi. Uluslararası Halk Sağlığı Kongresi ''Sağlık 21 Eylemi'' Ağız Sağlığı Çalışma Grubu Bildirisi. Ekim, İstanbul. .
40. Eriksen, H.M.,Bjertness, E. (1991) Concepts of health and disease and caries prediction: a literature review. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 99 (6), 476-483.
41. Sağlık 21. 21. Yüzyılda herkes için sağlık. Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Temmuz 2000, Ankara.
42. Namal, N., Can, G.,Fidan, E. (2003) İstanbul’da bir ilköğretim okulunda diş çürüğü sıklığının araştırılması. Dişhekimliği Dergisi, 49, 50-55.
43. Rao, A., Sequeira, S.,Peter, S. (1999) Prevalence of dental caries among school children of Moodbidri. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 17 (2), 45-48.
44. European Association of Dental Public Health Report 2000.
45. Jong A. (1981) Dental Public Health and Community Dentistry. Mosby Company London
46. Kanellis, M.J., Warren, J.J.,Damiano, P.C. (2009). Çocuk Diş hekimliğinde toplum Ağız- Diş sağlığı ile ilgili konular. J. R. Pinkham, P. S. Casamassimo, H. W. Fields, D. J. McTigue & A. J. Nowak (Ed.). Çocuk diş hekimliği:Bebeklikten ergenliğe (4 bs., s. 153-164). Ankara: Atlas Kitapçılık
47. İnceoğlu M.(1993)Tutum, Algı, İletişim. 1. Baskı Ankara, Verso Yayıncılık
48. Marcus, L., Kiernan, B.,Barkmeier-Kraemer, J.M. (2013). The association of a preschool voice education program with changes in yelling frequency [Bildiri].Seminars in speech and language.
49. Ouellette, J.A.,Wood, W. (1998) Habit and intention in everyday life: the multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological bulletin, 124 (1), 54.
50. Saydam, G. (1999) Ülkemizde Ağız Diş Sağlığı Düzeyini Arttırmak Amacıyla Çocuklarda Uygulanabilecek Koryucu Yöntemler.Mayıs, İstanbul.
51. Tai, B., Du, M., Peng, B., Fan, M.,Bian, Z. (2001) Experiences from a school‐based oral health promotion programme in Wuhan city, PR China. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 11 (4), 286-291.
52. Bora, N. (2001) İlköğretim Evresinde Ağız Diş Sağlığı Eğitiminde Bilgi İşleme Modelinin Etkinliğinin Klinik ve Epidemiyolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. İÜ. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
53. Durlak, J.A.,Wells, A.M. (1997) Primary prevention mental health programs for children and adolescents: A meta‐analytic review. American journal of community psychology, 25 (2), 115-152.
54. Greenberg, M.T., Domitrovich, C.,Bumbarger, B. (1999) Preventing mental disorders in school-age children: A review of the effectiveness of prevention programs. Prevention Research Center for the Promotion of Human Development, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University.
55. Browne, G., Gafni, A., Roberts, J., Byrne, C.,Majumdar, B. (2004) Effective/efficient mental health programs for school-age children: a synthesis of reviews. Social science & medicine, 58 (7), 1367-1384.
56. Shucksmith, J., Summerbell, C., Jones, S.,Whittaker, V. (2007) Mental wellbeing of children in primary education (targeted/indicated activities). London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
57. Adi, Y., Kiloran, A., Janmohamed, K.,Stewart-Brown, S. (2007) Systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to promote mental wellbeing in primary schools Report 1: Universal approaches which do not focus on violence or bullying. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, London.
58. Durlak, J.A., Weissberg, R.P., Dymnicki, A.B., Taylor, R.D.,Schellinger, K.B. (2011) The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta‐analysis of school‐based universal interventions. Child development, 82 (1), 405-432.
59. Kneckt, M.C., Syrjälä, A.M.H., Laukkanen, P.,Knuuttila, M.L. (1999) Self‐efficacy as a common variable in oral health behavior and diabetes adherence. European journal of oral sciences, 107 (2), 89-96.
60. Downie, R.T., C.Tannahill,A. (1999). A Health Promotion. Erişim,
61. Schou, L. Blinkhorn A. Oral Health Promotion. Oxford University Press, 1993.
62. Ashley, F. (1996) Role of dental health education in preventive dentistry. Prevention of dental disease, 3, 406-414.
63. Bhardwaj, V.K., Sharma, K.R., Luthra, R.P., Jhingta, P., Sharma, D.,Justa, A. (2013) Impact of school‑based oral health education program on oral health of 12 and 15 years old school children. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2.
64. Ly, K.A., Riedy, C.A., Milgrom, P., Rothen, M., Roberts, M.C.,Zhou, L. (2008) Xylitol gummy bear snacks: a school-based randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health, 8, 20.
65. Al-Jundi, S.H., Hammad, M.,Alwaeli, H. (2006) The efficacy of a school-based caries preventive program: a 4-year study. Int J Dent Hyg, 4 (1), 30-34.
66. Skold-Larsson, K., Fornell, A.C., Lussi, A.,Twetman, S. (2004) Effect of topical applications of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish on fissure caries assessed by laser fluorescence. Acta Odontol Scand, 62 (6), 339-342.
67. Selwitz, R.H., Ismail, A.I.,Pitts, N.B. (2007) Dental caries. Lancet, 369 (9555), 51-59.
68. Wefel, J.S.v.D., K. J. ((1999). ) Cariology. Saunders Company
69. Frencken, J.E., Peters, M.C., Manton, D.J., Leal, S.C., Gordan, V.V.,Eden, E. (2012) Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task group. Int Dent J, 62 (5), 223-243.
70. Abbat P, A.M., Messer LB et al. (, 2003) Handbook of pediatric dentistry. 28-48.
71. Kidd, E.A.M. (2004) Essentials of dental caries: The disease and its management. London: Oxford University Press.
72. Ten Cate, J.M. (2006). Biofilms, a new approach to the microbiology of dental plaque. Odontology, 94, 1-9.
73. Ten Cate, J.M. (2008) Remineralization of deep enamel dentine caries lesions. Aust Dent J, 53 (3), 281-285.
74. McDonald, R.E., Avery, D.R., Stookey, G.K., Chin, J.R.,Kowolik, J.E. (2011). Dental Caries in the Child and Adolescent. R. E. McDonald, D. R. Avery & J. A. Dean (Ed.). McDonald And Avery’s Dentistry For the Child And Adolescent (9 bs., s. 177-204). Missouri Elsevier
75. Cameron, A.C.,Widmer, R.P. (2013). Dental Caries. A. C. Cameron & R. P. Widmer (Ed.). Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry (4 bs., s. 47-62): Elsevier
76. Kidd, E.A.M. (2005). Clinical and histological features of carious lesions. E. A. M. Kidd (Ed.). Essentials of Dental Caries (3 bs., s. 22-39). New York: Oxford University Press
77. Dean, H.T., Arnold, F.A.,Elvove, E. (1942) Domestic water and dental caries. Additional studies of the relation of fluoride domestic waters to dental caries experience in 4,425 white children aged 12-14 years of age in 13 cities in 4 states. Public Health Rep, 57, 1155-1179.
78. Burt, B.A., Baelum, V.,Fejerskov, O. (2008). The epidemiology of dental caries. O. Fejerskov & E. Kidd (Ed.). Dental Caries. The disease and its clinical management (2 bs., s. 123-141)
79. Nyvad, B., Fejerskov, O.,Baelum, V. (2008). Visual–tactile caries diagnosis. O. Fejerskov & E. Kidd (Ed.). Dental caries. The disease and its clinical management (2 bs., s. 49-68)
80. World Health Organization, Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods (1997). (4 bs.). Geneva
81. Reisine, S.T.,Psoter, W. (2001) Socioeconomic status and selected behavioral determinants as risk factors for dental caries. Journal of Dental Education, 65 (10), 1009-1016.
82. Broadbent, J.M.,Thomson, W.M. (2005) For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 33 (6), 400-409.
83. Kidd, E.A.M. (2005). Introduction. E. A. M. Kidd (Ed.). Essentials of Dental Caries (3 bs., s. 1-19). New York: Oxford University Press
84. Organization, W.H. (1997). Oral health surveys: basic methods. World Health Organization (4 bs.). Geneva: Geneva: World Health Organization
85. Koçanalı, B., Ak, A.T.,Çoğulu, D. (2014) Çocuklarda diş çürüğüne neden olan faktörlerin incelenmesi. Pediatric Research, 1 (2), 76-79.
86. Control, C.f.D. and Prevention, The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994): reference manuals and reports. 1996, Maryland.
87. Statistics, N.C.f.H. (1994). Plan and operation of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94: Natl Ctr for Health Statistics.
88. Wang, N.J., Källestål, C., Petersen, P.E.,Arnadottir, I.B. (1998) Caries preventive services for children and adolescents in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden: strategies and resource allocation. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 26 (4), 263-271.
89. Hartono, S.W.A., Lambri, S.E.,Helderman, W.H. (2002) Effectiveness of primary school‐based oral health education in West Java, Indonesia. International dental journal, 52 (3), 137-143.
90. Ajithkrishnan, C., Thanveer, K., Sudheer, H.,Abhishek, S. (2010) Impact of oral health education on oral health of 12 and 15 year old schoolchildren of Vadodara city, Gujarat state. Journal of International Oral Health, 2 (3).
91. Bartoloni, J.A., Chao, S.Y., Martin, G.C.,Caron, G.A. (2006) Dental caries risk in the U.S. Air Force. J Am Dent Assoc, 137 (11), 1582-1591.
92. Marshall, T.A. (2009) Chairside diet assessment of caries risk. J Am Dent Assoc, 140 (6), 670-674.
93. Koch G, P.S. (2009.) Pediatric dentistry a clinical approach Blackwell Publishing Limited 9.
94. Guideline on Caries-risk Assessment and Management for Infants, Children, and Adolescents Scientific.(2011) 34 (6) 118-125
95. Kawar, N., Gajendrareddy, P.K., Hart, T.C., Nouneh, R., Maniar, N.,Alrayyes, S. (2011) Periodontal disease for the primary care physician. Disease-a-Month, 57 (4), 174-183.
96. Petit, M., Steenbergen, T.v., Timmerman, M., Graaff, J.d.,Velden, U.v.d. (1994) Prevalence of periodontitis and suspected periodontal pathogens in families of adult periodontitis patients. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 21 (2), 76-85.
97. Heitz‐Mayfield, L. (2005) Disease progression: identification of high‐risk groups and individuals for periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32 (s6), 196-209.
98. Mukherjee, M., Bandyopadhyay, P.,Kundu, D. (2014) Exploring the role of cranberry polyphenols in periodontits: A brief review. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 18 (2), 136.
99. Gupta, S., Deo, V.,Gupta, H.L. (2014) Antigens specificities and characterization of antibodies against major periodontopathic bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of Cranio-Maxillary Diseases, 3 (1), 32.
100. Armitage, G.C. (1999) Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of periodontology, 4 (1), 1-6.
101. Oda, S., Nitta, H., Setoguchi, T., Izumi, Y.,Ishikawa, I. (2004) Current concepts and advances in manual and power‐driven instrumentation. Periodontology 2000, 36 (1), 45-58.
102. Gamonal, J., Acevedo, A., Bascones, A., Jorge, O.,Silva, A. (2000) Levels of interleukin-1β,-8, and-10 and RANTES in gingival crevicular fluid and cell populations in adult periodontitis patients and the effect of periodontal treatment. Journal of periodontology, 71 (10), 1535-1545.
103. Ishihara, Y., Nishihara, T., Kuroyanagi, T., Shirozu, N., Yamagishi, E., Ohguchi, M. ve diğerleri. (1997) Gingival crevicular interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels in periodontally healthy and diseased sites. Journal of periodontal research, 32 (6), 524-529.
104. Grossi, S.G.,Genco, R.J. (1998) Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Way Relationship*. Annals of periodontology, 3 (1), 51-61.
105. Griffen, A.L. (2009). Süt Dişlenme Yılları: Üç Altı yaş arası. Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Periodontal Problemler. J. R. Pinkham, P. S. Casamassimo, H. W. Fields, D. J. McTigue & A. J. Nowak (Ed.). Çocuk Diş hekimliği, Bebeklikten Ergenliğe (4 bs., s. 414-422). Ankara: Atlas Kitapçılık
106. Matsson, L. (1993) Factors influencing the susceptibility to gingivitis during childhood--a review. Int J Paediatr Dent, 3 (3), 119-127.
107. Perry, D.A.,Newman, M.G. (1990) Occurrence of periodontitis in an urban adolescent population. Journal of periodontology, 61 (3), 185-188.
108. Löe, H.,Brown, L.J. (1991) Early Onset Periodontitis in the United States of America*. Journal of periodontology, 62 (10), 608-616.
109. Califano, J. (2004) Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Pediatric dentistry, 27 (7 Suppl), 189-196.
110. Carranza, F. (2002). Gingival diseases in childhood. Philadelphia, London, New York, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto: W.B. Saunders Company.
111. Koch, G.,Poulsen, S. (2009). Pediatric dentistry: a clinical approach: John Wiley & Sons.
112. Pattanaporn, K.,Navia, J.M. (1998) The relationship of dental calculus to caries, gingivitis, and selected salivary factors in 11-to 13-year-old children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Journal of periodontology, 69 (9), 955-961.
113. Feier, I., Onisei, D.,Onisei, D. (2009) The Plurivalence Of The Interpretation Of Correlation Between Plaque Score And Bleeding Score. Journal of Romanian Medical Dentistry, 13 (1).
114. Silness, J.,Loe, H. (1964) Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy. Ii. Correlation between Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Condtion. Acta Odontol Scand, 22, 121-135.
115. Loe, H. (1967) The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol, 38 (6), Suppl:610-616.
116. Koshy, G.,Ishikawa, I. (2004) A full‐mouth disinfection approach to nonsurgical periodontal therapy–prevention of reinfection from bacterial reservoirs. Periodontology 2000, 36 (1), 166-178.
117. Adriaens, P.A.,Adriaens, L.M. (2004) Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on hard and soft tissues. Periodontology 2000, 36 (1), 121-145.
118. Köse, S., Güven, D., Mert, E., Eraslan, E.,Esen, S. (2010) 12-13 yaş grubu çocuklarda oral hijyen eğitiminin etkinliği. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 13 (4).
119. Monse, B., Heinrich-Weltzien, R., Benzian, H., Holmgren, C.,van Palenstein Helderman, W. (2010) PUFA--an index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 38 (1), 77-82.
120. Acs, G., Lodolini, G., Kaminsky, S.,Cisneros, G.J. (1992) Effect of nursing caries on body weight in a pediatric population. Pediatric Dentistry, 14, 302-305.
121. Melvin, C.S. (2006) A collaborative community-based oral care program for school-age children. Clin Nurse Spec, 20 (1), 18-22.
122. Tinanoff, N.,Reisine, S. (2009) Update on early childhood caries since the Surgeon General's Report. Acad Pediatr, 9 (6), 396-403.
123. Çolak, H., Dulgergil, C.T., Dalli, M.,Hamidi, M.M. (2013) Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. J Nat Sci Biol Med, 4 (1), 29-38.
124. Axelsson, P. (1978) The effect of plaque control procedures on gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries.
125. Ayrancı, Ü. (2005) Bir grup ilkokul öğrencisinde diş çürüğü saptama araştırması. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 14 (3), 50-54.
126. Carranza, F.A., Nevvman, M.G.:. Clinical Periodontology, Sixth ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, London, Toronto, Montreal, Sydney ,Tokyo, 1996
127. Lindhe, J. (1999). Klinische Parodontologie und Implantologie: Quintessenz-Verlag-GmbH.
128. Kandemir, Ş.,Atilla, G. (1991) Islahevi Çocuklarında Farklı Kişelerce Uygulanan Motivasyonun Etkinliğinin Karşılaştırmalı Tetkiki. EÜ Diş. Hek. Fak. Derg, 12, 56-60.
129. Akkaya. M., B., M., Şevik, N., Konak, E. (1994) Bir Grup Öğrencide Farklı Motivasyon Yöntemlerinin Etkinliklerinin Araştırılması,. A.Ü, Diş. Hek. Fak. Derg, 237-241.
130. Kleber, C.J., Milleman, J.L., Davidson, K.R., Putt, M.S., Triol, C.W.,Winston, A.E. (1999) Treatment of orthodontic white spot lesions with a remineralizing dentifrice applied by toothbrushing or mouth trays. J Clin Dent, 10 (1 Spec No), 44-49.
131. Zimmer, S. (2001) The effect of a preventive program, including the application of low-concentration fluoride varnish, on caries control in high-risk children.,
132. Dijkman, A., Huizinga, E., Ruben, J.,Arends, J. (1990) Remineralization of human enamel in situ after 3 months: the effect of not brushing versus the effect of an F dentifrice and an F-free dentifrice. Caries Res 24, 263-266.
133. Aasenden R, B.F., Richardson B, (1998) Clearence of fluoride from the mouth after topical treatment or use of mouthrinse. . Arch oral Biol, 13, 625-636.
134. Ulusoy, T, (2010) Pedodontide Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Atatürk Üniv. Diş. Hek. Fak. Derg, 3, 28-37.
135. Dorfer, C., Spiry, S.,Staehle, H. (1997) Efficacy of plaque control using interdental brushes in vitro. Deutsche Zahnarztliche Zeitschrift, 52 (6), 427-430.
136. Gorur, A., Lyle, D.M., Schaudinn, C.,Costerton, J.W. (2009) Biofilm removal with a dental water jet. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ: 1995), 30, 1-6.
137. Taylor, J.Y., Wood, C.L., Garnick, J.J.,Thompson, W.O. (1995) Removal of interproximal subgingival plaque by hand and automatic toothbrushes. Journal of periodontology, 66 (3), 191-196.
138. Güngör, K., Tüter, G, Bal B. (1999) Eğitim düzeyi ile ağız sağığı arasındaki ilişkişnin değerlendirilmesi GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 16, 15-139. Öztunç, H., Haytaç, M.C., Özmeriç, N.,Uzel, İ. (2000) Adana ilinde 6-11 yaş grubu çocukların ağız-diş sağlığı durumlarının değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontologica Turcica, 17 (2), 1.
140. Gibson, S.,Williams, S. (1999) Dental caries in pre–school children: associations with social class, toothbrushing habit and consumption of sugars and sugar–containing foods. Caries research, 33 (2), 101-113.
141. Eronat, N., Ertuğrul, F., Uğur, Z., Önçağ, Ö.,Köse, T. (1997) İzmir Bornova'da sosyoekonomik düzey ile ağız diş sağlığı durumunun 7 ve 12 yaş grubu çocuklarda değerlendirilmesi. HÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg, 21, 46-51.
142. Warren, P., Thompson, M.,Cugini, M. (2006) Plaque removal efficacy of a novel manual toothbrush with MicroPulse bristles and an advanced split-head design. The Journal of clinical dentistry, 18 (2), 49-54.
143. Warren, P. (2005) Development of an oscillating/rotating/pulsating toothbrush: The Oral-B professionalCare™ series. Journal of dentistry, 33, 1-9.
144. Benson, B., Henyon, G.,Grossman, E. (1992) Plaque removal efficacy of two children's toothbrushes: a one-month study. The Journal of clinical dentistry, 4 (1), 6-10.
145. Versteeg, P., Piscaer, M., Rosema, N., Timmerman, M., Van der Velden, U.,Van der Weijden, G. (2008) Tapered toothbrush filaments in relation to gingival abrasion, removal of plaque and treatment of gingivitis. International journal of dental hygiene, 6 (3), 174-182.
146. Ren, Y.-F., Cacciato, R., Whelehan, M.T., Ning, L.,Malmstrom, H.S. (2007) Effects of toothbrushes with tapered and cross angled soft bristle design on dental plaque and gingival inflammation: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Journal of dentistry, 35 (7), 614-622.
147. Versteeg, P., Rosema, N., Timmerman, M., Van der Velden, U.,Van der Weijden, G. (2008) Evaluation of two soft manual toothbrushes with different filament designs in relation to gingival abrasion and plaque removing efficacy. International journal of dental hygiene, 6 (3), 166-173.
148. Hogan, L.M., Daly, C.G.,Curtis, B.H. (2007) Comparison of new and 3‐month‐old brush heads in the removal of plaque using a powered toothbrush. Journal of clinical periodontology, 34 (2), 130-136.
149. Özmeriç, N., Göfteci, B.,Kurtiş, B. (1994) Arayüz bakımı ve periodontal sağlık. Acta Odontologica Turcica, 11 (2), 33.
150. Tufan, D.N.,Yalçın, D.D. Bireylerin Oral Hijyen Araçları ve Bilgilerinin Araştırılması. Signal, 42, 14.
151. Medina, A.S., Wallace, H.M., Ralph, N.,Goldstein, H. (1982) Adolescent health in Alameda county. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 2 (3), 175-182.
152. Greenwood, N.N.,Earnshaw, A. (2012). Chemistry of the Elements: Elsevier.
153. Venkateswarlu, P. (1990) Evaluation of analytical methods for fluorine in biological and related materials. Journal of dental research, 69 (2 suppl), 514-521.
154. Bryant, S., Retief, D., Bradley, E.,Denys, F. (1985) The effect of topical fluoride treatment on enamel fluoride uptake and the tensile bond strength of an orthodontic bonding resin. American journal of orthodontics, 87 (4), 294-302.
155. Hallgren, A., Oliveby, A.,Twetman, S. (1990) Salivary fluoride concentrations in children with glass ionomer cemented orthodontic appliances. Caries research, 24 (4), 239-241.
156. Div of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. Achievements in public health, 1900-1999; Fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries. . (2000) JAMA, 283(10), 1283-1286
157. Health, U.D.o.,Services, H. (2011) Proposed HHS recommendation for fluoride concentration in drinking water for prevention of dental caries. Federal Register, 76 (9), 2383-2388.
158. Rozier, R.G., Adair, S., Graham, F., Iafolla, T., Kingman, A., Kohn, W. ve diğerleri. (2010) Evidence-based clinical recommendations on the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements for caries prevention: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 141 (12), 1480-1489.
159. Hara, A.T., Lussi,A.,Zero,D.T. (2006) Biological factors. MonogrOral Sci., 20, 88-99.
160. Hellwig, E., Lennon,A.M. (2004) Systemic versus topical fluoride. Caries Res 38, 258-262.
161. Ten Cate, J.,Featherstone, J. (1991) Mechanistic aspects of the interactions between fluoride and dental enamel. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, 2 (3), 283-296.
162. Philillips, P.T., Woodward,S.M. (2000) Flouridated milk as a dental caries preventive measure. . British Nutrition Foundation Bulletin, 25, 287-293.
163. Eksrtand, J., Olıveby, A. (1999) Fluoride in the oral environment. Acta Odontal Scand, 57, 330-333.
164. Dunipace, A., Hall, A., Kelly, S., Beiswanger, A., Fischer, G., Lukantsova, L. ve diğerleri. (1997) An in situ interproximal model for studying the effect of fluoride on enamel. Caries research, 31 (1), 60-70.
165. Lagerweij, M.D., Ten Cate,J,M. (2002) Remineralization of enamel lesions with daily applications of a high-concentration fluoride gel and a fluoridated toothpaste;an in situ study. Caries Res, 36, 270-274.
166. Barlow, A., Sufi, F.,Mason, S. (2008) Evaluation of different fluoridated dentifrice formulations using an in situ erosion remineralization model. The Journal of clinical dentistry, 20 (6), 192-198.
167. Hicks, J., Garcia-Godoy, F.,Flaitz, C. (2004) Biological factors in dental caries: role of remineralization and fluoride in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 3). Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 28 (3), 203-214.
168. Ten Cate, J.,Van Loveren, C. (1999) Fluoride mechanisms. Dental Clinics of North America, 43 (4), 713-742, vii.
169. Nelson, D., Coote, G., Shariati, M.,Featherstone, J. (1992) High resolution fluoride profiles of artificial in vitro lesions treated with fluoride dentifrices and mouthrinses during pH cycling conditions. Caries research, 26 (4), 254-262.
170. Stookey, G., DePaola, P., Featherstone, J., Fejerskov, O., Möller, I., Rotberg, S. ve diğerleri. (1993) A critical review of the relative anticaries efficacy of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices. Caries research, 27 (4), 337-360.
171. Toumba, J., Lygidakis, N., Oulis, C., Espelid, I., Poulsen, S.,Twetman, S. (2009) Guidelines on the use of fluoride in children: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 10 (3), 129-135.
172. Pendrys, D.G. (2000) Risk of enamel fluorosis in nonfluoridated and optimally fluoridated populations: considerations for the dental professional. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 131 (6), 746-755.
173. Mascarenhas, A.K. (2000) Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of the recent literature. Pediatric dentistry, 22 (4), 269-277.
174. Wright, J.T., Hanson, N., Ristic, H., Whall, C.W., Estrich, C.G.,Zentz, R.R. (2014) Fluoride toothpaste efficacy and safety in children younger than 6 years: a systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 145 (2), 182-189.
175. Affairs, A.D.A.C.o.S. (2014) Fluoride toothpaste use for young children. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 145 (2), 190.
176. Warren, J.J.,Levy, S. (1999) A review of fluoride dentifrice related to dental fluorosis. Pediatr Dent, 21 (4), 265-271.
177. Venner, K. (1995) Fluoride in der Kariesprophylaxe. Scweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed, 105, 1086.
178. dos Santos, A.P.P., Nadanovsky, P.,de Oliveira, B.H. (2013) A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of fluoride toothpastes on the prevention of dental caries in the primary dentition of preschool children. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 41 (1), 1-12.
179. Sjögren, K.,Birkhed, D. (1993) Factors related to fluoride retention after toothbrushing and possible connection to caries activity. Caries research, 27 (6), 474-477.
180. Davies, R.M., Ellwood, R.P.,Davies, G.M. (2003) The rational use of fluoride toothpaste. Int J Dent Hyg, 1 (1), 3-8.
181. Marinho, V., Higgins, J., Sheiham, A.,Logan, S. (2003) Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1 (1).
182. Walsh, T., Worthington, H.V., Glenny, A.M., Appelbe, P., Marinho, V.,Shi, X. (2010) Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1.
183. Koray , F. (1998) İndividuel (bireysel) profilaksinin önemi. TDBD 44, IO-1.
184. Civelek , A., Çapa ,N. (2003) Bireysel ağız bakımına yönelik ürün önerileri. Diş Hekimliğinde Klinik, 16, 26-30.
185. Topçuoğlu, N., Emine, Y., Yıldız, S., Dadaşlı, F., Jerina, D., Çayırcı, M. ve diğerleri. (2012) Ara yüz Fırçası ve Diş İpinin Ağız Bakterileri ile Kontaminasyonu-Contamination of Interdental Brushes and Dental Floss with Oral Bacteria. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 46 (3), 9-14.
186. Choo, A., Delac, D.M.,Messer, L.B. (2001) Oral hygiene measures and promotion: review and considerations. Australian dental journal, 46 (3), 166-173.
187. Löe, H., Theilade, E.,Jensen, S.B. (1965) Experimental gingivitis in man. Journal of periodontology, 36 (3), 177-187.
188. Christou, V., Timmerman, M.F., Van der Velden, U.,Van der Weijden, F.A. (1998) Comparison of Different Approaches of Interdental Oral Hygiene: Interdental Brushes Versus Dental Floss*. Journal of periodontology, 69 (7), 759-764.
189. Hodges, N.J.,Franks, I.M. (2002) Modelling coaching practice: the role of instruction and demonstration. Journal of sports sciences, 20 (10), 793-811.
190. Ganss, C., Schlueter, N., Preiss, S.,Klimek, J. (2009) Tooth brushing habits in uninstructed adults—frequency, technique, duration and force. Clinical oral investigations, 13 (2), 203-208.
191. Lazarescu, D., Boccaneala, S., Illiescu, A.,De Boever, J. (2003) Efficacy of plaque removal and learning effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush. Journal of clinical periodontology, 30 (8), 726-731.
192. Kremers, L., Lampert, F.,Etzold, C. (1978) [Comparative clinical studies on 2 toothbrushing methods--Roll and Bass technic]. Deutsche zahnarztliche Zeitschrift, 33 (1), 58-60.
193. Glavind, L., Zeuner, E.,Attström, R. (1981) Oral hygiene instruction of adults by means of a self‐instructional manual. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 8 (3), 165-176.
194. Frandsen, A. (1972). Oral hygiene: A symposium held at Malmö, Sweden, May 14th-15th, 1971: Munksgaard.
195. Greene, J.C. (1963) Oral hygiene and periodontal disease. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 53 (6), 913-922.
196. Keyes, P.H. (1968) Research in dental caries. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 76 (6), 1357-1373.
197. American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry 2014, FAST FACTS
198. AAPD, Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care. 37 (6), 15-16.
199. Baloş, K. (1976) Oral Hijyen Eğitimi ve Kontrollerinin Periodontal Sağlığa Etkileri (Klinik Araştırma). AÜ Dişhek. Fak. Derg, 3, 13-24.
200. Stewart, J.E.,Wolfe, G.R. (1989) The retention of newly‐acquired brushing and flossing skills. Journal of clinical periodontology, 16 (5), 331-332.
201. Güler, A. (2003) İlköğretim ikinci kademesinde eğitim gören öğrencilere verilen beslenme eğitiminin öğrencilerin beslenme durumu, bilgi ve alışkanlıklarına etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Aile Ekonomisi ve Beslenme Eğitimi ABD, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
202. Merdol, T. (2008) Beslenme Eğitimi ve Danışmanlığı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları.
203. Karavuş, M., Gençel, H., Beşik, C., Çoban, U., Güleryüz, M., Karaaslan, S. ve diğerleri. (1995) Ümraniye ilçesinde 0-12 aylık çocuk beslenmesinde annelerin bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 24 (1), 31-39.
204. Jonides, L., Buschbacher, V.,Barlow, S.E. (2002) Management of child and adolescent obesity: psychological, emotional, and behavioral assessment. Pediatrics, 110 (Supplement 1), 215-221.
205. Martin, H.D.,Driskell, J.A. (2001) The teaching of food guide pyramid concepts by Nebraska elementary school educators. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 93 (1), 65.
206. Gupta, G.,Kochar, K. (2009) Role of nutrition education in improving the nutritional awareness among adolescent girls. The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 7 (1), 1-6.
207. Hardwick, J.L. (1960) The incidence and distribution of caries throughout the agesin relation to the Englishman’s diet. Br Dent J, 108, 9-17.
208. Zero, D.T., Moynihan, P., Lingström, P.,Birkhed, D. (2008). The role of dietary control. O. Fejerskov & E. Kidd (Ed.). Dental caries. The
disease and its clinical management (2 bs., s. 329-352). UK: Blackwell Munksgaard
209. Ünsal, B. (2007) İlköğretim İkinci Kademe Öğrencilerinin Yeme Davranışlarını Etkileyen Bazı Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
210. Akar, S. (2002) Çocuktan çocuğa eğitim yöntemi esas alınarak ilköğretim okullarında beslenme eğitimi yapılması üzerine bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi Aile Ekonomisi ve Beslenme Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı Doktora tezi. Ankara.
211. Sabbağ, Ç.,Sürücüoğlu, M.S. (2011) İlköğretim Öğrencilerine Verilen Beslenme Eğitiminin Beslenme Tutum ve Davranışlarına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Electronic Journal of Food Technologies, 6 (3), 1-13.
212. Oktar, İ. (1999) Şanlıer N. İlköğretim okullarında uygulanan beslenme programları ve öğrencilerin beslenme davranışları ile ilgili öğretmen ve öğrencilerin görüşleri. Mesleki Eğitim Dergisi, 1, 55-63.
213. Burt, B.A., Baelum, V.,Fejerskov, O. (2008). The epidemiology of dental caries. O. Fejerskov & E. Kidd (Ed.). Dental Caries. The disease and its clinical management (2 bs.)
214. Kavas, G.,Kınık, Ö. (2001) Starter Kültür çeren Süt Ürünlerinin nsan Sağlığına Etkisi III.(Ağız ve Diş Sağlığında Fermente Süt Ürünlerinin Etkisi). Gıda Dergisi.
215. Tinanoff, N.,Palmer, C.A. (2000) Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. Journal of public health dentistry, 60 (3), 197-206.
216. Ölmez S, A.N. (1998) Çocuklarda uygulanacak koruyucu diş hekimliği yöntemleri. TDBD, 44, 12-16.
217. Köprülü, H., Topaloğlu, B.,Sarı, M.E. (2004) Okul Öncesi Çocuklar için Diyet Önerileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2).
218. Organization, W.H. (2013). Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods. (5 bs.).
219. Organization WH. Oral health surveys, basic methods 4th edition edn. Geneva; 1997
220. Karatoprak, D.O.,Kırzıoğlu, Z. (1998) Paslanmaz Çelik Kuron Yerleştirilmiş Dişlerde, Dişeti Dokularının Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 1998 (2).
221. Löe, H. (1967) The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. Journal of periodontology, 38 (6), 610-616.
222. Goldberg, P., Matsson, L.,Anderson, H. (1985) Partial recording of gingivitis and dental plaque in children of different ages and in young adults. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 13 (1), 44-46.
223. Friedman, M., Tanyeri, H., La Rosa, M., Landsberg, R., Vaidyanathan, K., Pieri, S. ve diğerleri. (1999) Clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea. The Laryngoscope, 109 (12), 1901-1907.
224. Nakre, P.D.,Harikiran, A. (2013) Effectiveness of oral health education programs: A systematic review. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 3 (2), 103-115. 225. http://www.who.int/oral_health/disease burden/global/en/index.html. Ağ
226. Doğan, B.G.,Gökalp, S. (2008) Türkiye’de diş çürüğü durumu ve tedavi gereksinimi 2004. Hacettepe Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 32 (2), 45-47.
227. David, J., Wang, N., Åstrøm, A.,Kuriakose, S. (2005) Dental caries and associated factors in 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. International journal of paediatric dentistry, 15 (6), 420-428.
228. Campus, G., Solinas, G., Cagetti, M.G., Senna, A., Minelli, L., Majori, S. ve diğerleri. (2007) National pathfinder survey of 12-year-old children’s oral health in Italy. Caries research, 41 (6), 512-517.
229. Schulte, A.G., Momeni, A.,Pieper, K. (2006) Caries prevalence in 12-year-old children from Germany. Results of the 2004 national survey. Community dental health, 23 (4), 197.
230. De Almeida, C.M., Petersen, P.E., André, S.J.,Toscano, A. (2003) Changing oral health status of 6-and 12-year-old schoolchildren in Portugal. Community dental health, 20 (4), 211-216.
231. Pitts, N., Boyles, J., Nugent, ZJ., Thomas, N., Pine, CM. (2007) The dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in Great Britain (2005/6). Surveys co-ordinated by the British Association for the study of community dentistry. Community Dent Health, 24(1), 59-63.
232. Gökalp, S., Doğan, B., Tekçiçek, M., Berberoğlu, A.,Ünlüer, Ş. (2006) Türkiye Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Profili 2004. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Basımevi, 31-32.
233. Bolin, D.A.K., Bolin, A.,Koch, G. (1996) Children's dental health in Europe: caries experience of 5‐and 12‐year‐old children from eight EU countries. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 6 (3), 155-162.
234. Hugoson, A., Koch, G., Gotberg, C., Helkimo, AN., Lundin,,SA., N., O., Sjodin, B., Sondell, K. . (2005) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jonkoping, Sweden during 30 years (1973-2003). II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings. Swed Dent J 29(4), 139-155.
235. Hong‐Ying, W., Petersen, P.E., Jin‐You, B.,Bo‐Xue, Z. (2002) The second national survey of oral health status of children and adults in China. International dental journal, 52 (4), 283-290.
236. Hobdell, M., Petersen, P.E., Clarkson, J.,Johnson, N. (2003) Global goals for oral health 2020. International dental journal, 53 (5), 285-288.
237. Gökalp, S., Dogan, B., Tekçiçek, M., Berberoğlu, A.,Ünlüer, Ş. (2007) Beş, on iki ve on beş yaş çocukların ağız diş sağlığı profili. Türkiye-2004, Hacettepe Diş hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 31 (4), 3-10
238. Von der Fehr, F., Löe, H.,Theilade, E. (1970) Experimental caries in man. Caries research, 4 (2), 131-148.
239. Friel, S., Hope, A., Kelleher, C., Comer, S.,Sadlier, D. (2002) Impact evaluation of an oral health intervention amongst primary school children in Ireland. Health Promotion International, 17 (2), 119-126.
240. Kwan, S.Y., Petersen, P.E., Pine, C.M.,Borutta, A. (2005) Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion. Bulletin of the World Health organization, 83 (9), 677-685.
241. Petersen, P.E. (2003) The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century–the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dentistry and oral epidemiology, 31 (s1), 3-24.
242. Biesbrock, A., Walters, P.A.,Bartizek, R.D. (2003) Initial impact of a national dental education program on the oral health and dental knowledge of children. J Contemp Dent Pract, 4 (2), 1-10.
243. Chapman, A., Copestake, S.,Duncan, K. (2006) An oral health education programme based on the National Curriculum. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 16 (1), 40-44.
244. Overton, D. (2005). A. Community oral health education. In: Mason J (ed.). Concept in Dental Public Health. . Philadelphia: PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
245. Lim, L., Davies, W., Yuen, K.,Ma, M. (1996) Comparison of modes of oral hygiene instruction in improving gingival health. Journal of clinical periodontology, 23 (7), 693-697. 246. http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/. Ağ
247. Ivanovic, M.,Lekic, P. (1996) Transient effect of a short‐term educational programme without prophylaxis on control of plaque and gingival inflammation in school children. Journal of clinical periodontology, 23 (8), 750-757.
248. Albandar, J.M., Buischi, Y.A., Mayer, M.P.,Axelsson, P. (1994) Long-term effect of two preventive programs on the incidence of plaque and gingivitis in adolescents. Journal of periodontology, 65 (6), 605-610.
249. Zimmerman, M., Bornstein, R.,Martinsson, T. (1993) Simplified preventive dentistry program for Chilean refugees: effectiveness of one versus two instructional sessions. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 21 (3), 143-147.
250. Redmond, C.A., Blinkhorn, F.A., Kay, E.J., Davies, R.M., Worthington, H.V.,Blinkhorn, A.S. (1999) A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effectiveness of a School‐based Dental Health Education Program for Adolescents. Journal of public health dentistry, 59 (1), 12-17.
251. Frencken, J.E., Borsum‐Andersson, K., Makoni, F., Moyana, F., Mwashaenyi, S.,Mulder, J. (2001) Effectiveness of an oral health education programme in primary schools in Zimbabwe after 3.5 years. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 29 (4), 253-259.
252. Freitas-Fernandes, L.B., Novaes, A., Feitosa, A.C.R.,Novaes, A.B. (2002) Effectiveness of an oral hygiene program for Brazilian orphans. Brazilian dental journal, 13 (1), 44-48.
253. Biesbrock, A., Walters, P.,Bartizek, R. (2003) Short-term impact of a national dental education program on children's oral health and knowledge. The Journal of clinical dentistry, 15 (4), 93-97. 254. Almas, K., Al-Lazzam, S.,Al-Quadairi, A. (2003) The effect of oral hygiene instructions on diabetic type 2 male patients with periodontal diseases. J Contemp Dent Pract, 4 (3), 24-35.
255. Sgan-Cohen, H.,Vered, Y. (2004) A clinical trial of the meridol toothbrush with conical filaments: evaluation of clinical effectiveness and subjective satisfaction. The Journal of clinical dentistry, 16 (4), 109-113.
256. Kara, C., Tezel, A.,Orbak, R. (2006) Effect of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour in a population of Turkish children with gingival inflammation. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 16 (6), 399-404. 257. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/. Ağ
258. Taş, R. (2012). Ankara'nın kentsel yoksulluk haritası: Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Yayınları.
259. Organization, W.H. (2013). Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods. (5 bs.)
260. Koksal, E., Tekcicek, M., Yalcin, S.S., Tugrul, B., Yalcin, S.,Pekcan, G. (2011) Association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in Turkish school children. Cent Eur J Public Health, 19 (3), 147-151.
261. Shanbhog, R., Godhi, B.S., Nandlal, B., Kumar, S.S., Raju, V.,Rashmi, S. (2013) Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries evaluated using PUFA index in orphanage children from India. J Int Oral Health, 5 (5), 1-9.
262. Klein, H., Palmer, C.E.,Knutson, J.W. (1938) Studies on dental caries. 1. Dental status and dental needs of elementary children. Public Health Rep, 53, 751-765.
263. Silness, J.,Löe, H. (1964) Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta odontologica scandinavica, 22 (1), 121-135.
264. Vanobbergen, J., Declerck, D., Mwalili, S.,Martens, L. (2004) The effectiveness of a 6‐year oral health education programme for primary schoolchildren. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 32 (3), 173-182.
265. Şanlıer, N.,Özgen, L. (2005) Öğrencilere Farklı Yöntemlerle Verilen Eğitimin Ağız-Diş Sağlığı ve Beslenme Bilgisi Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (3), 351-365.
266. Yazdani, R., Vehkalahti, M.M., Nouri, M.,Murtomaa, H. (2009) School‐based education to improve oral cleanliness and gingival health in adolescents in Tehran, Iran. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 19 (4), 274-281.
267. Lees, A.,Rock, W. (2015) A comparison between written, verbal, and videotape oral hygiene instruction for patients with fixed appliances. Journal of orthodontics.
268. Gift, H., (1993) Social factors in oral health promotion: chapter 3: oral health promotion. L. Schou-AS Blinkhom., Oxford University Press
269. Inglehart, M.,Tedesco, L. (1995) The role of the family in preventing oral diseases. Disease prevention and oral health promotion. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 271-305.
270. Mouradian, W.E. (2001) The face of a child: children's oral health and dental education. Journal of Dental Education, 65 (9), 821-831.
271. Elena, B.,Petr, L. (2004) Oral health and children attitudes among mothers and school teachers in Belarus. Stomatologija Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 6, 40-43.
272. Yazıcıoğlu,A.N., Yazıcıoğlu, B., Öztaş, B., Paksoy, C.,Babadağ, M. (1997) Farklı iki sosyo-ekonomik düzeyde diş sağlığına ait karşılaştırmalı prevalans çalışması. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences, 3 (3), 150-156.
273. Rizk, S.,Christen, A. (1993) Falling between the cracks: oral health survey of school children ages five to thirteen having limited access to dental services. ASDC journal of dentistry for children, 61 (5-6), 356-360.
274. Yaşar, F., Çalışkan, D, Yıldız, A. (2007) Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin ağızdiş sağlığı durumları ve günlük ağız-diş bakım alışkanlıkları. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 60(1), 13-19.
275. Burt, B.A. (1994) Trends in caries prevalence in North American children. International dental journal, 44 (4 Suppl 1), 403-413.
276. Downer, M. (1991) The improving dental health of United Kingdom adults and prospects for the future. British dental journal, 170 (4), 154-158.
277. Petersen, P.E. (1989) Guttman scale analysis of dental health attitudes and knowledge. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 17 (4), 170-172.
278. Cerniauskas, G., Murauskiene, L.,Tragakes, E. (2000) Health care systems in transition: Lithuania. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.
279. Canter, L. (1998) Televizyon bağımlısı çocuklar. Ankara:HYB.
280. Turam, E. (1996) Ekranaltı çocukları. İstanbul: İrfan.
281. Aksaçlıoğlu, A.G.,Yılmaz, B. (2007) Öğrencilerin televizyon izlemeleri ve bilgisayar kullanmalarının okuma alışkanlıkları üzerine etkisi. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 21 (1), 3-28.
282. Redmond, C., Hamilton, F., Kay, E., Worthington, H.,Blinkhorn, A. (2001) An investigation into the value and relevance of oral health promotion leaflets for young adolescents. International dental journal, 51 (3), 164-168.
283. Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency P9 Eurydice 2010 (Rapor No). 284. http://www.eurydice.org. Ağ
285. Haug, K. (2006) Risikogruppe: Jungen. Das männliche Geschlecht ist in stärkerem Maße von Leseschwäche betroffen. Lesen in Deutschland–Projekte und Initiativen zur Leseförderung.
286. Wienholz, M. (2008) Und wo bleiben die Jungs-Jungen gezielt fördern-für viele Schulen noch ein ungewohntes Thema. Schulverwaltung Bayern, 12, 325-328.
287. Aral, N.,Aktaş, Y. (1997) Çocukların televizyon ve diğer etkinliklere harcadıkları sürenin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13 (13).
288. Akçay, D.,Özcebe, H. (2012) okul öncesi eğitim alan çocukların ve ailelerinin bilgisayar oyunu oynama alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Dergisi, 12 (2), 66-71.
289. Kılınç, G., Koca, H.,Ellidokuz, H. (2013) 3-4 Yaş Grubu Çocukların Ağız Sağlık Durumlarının İki Yıllık Takibi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Degisi, 27 (1), 25–31.
290. Schou, L. (1985) Active‐involvement principle in dental health education. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 13 (3), 128-132.
291. Ismail, A.I. (1998) Prevention of early childhood caries. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 26 (S1), 49-61.
292. Kowash, M., Toumba, K.,Curzon, M. (2006) Cost-effectiveness of a long-term dental health education program for the prevention of early childhood caries. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 7 (3), 130-135.
293. JUHL, M. (1983) Three‐dimensional replicas of pit and fissure morphology in human teeth. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 91 (2), 90-95.
294. Mertz-Fairhurst, E.J. (1992) Guest Editorial: Pit-and-Fissure Sealants: A Global Lack of Science Transfer? Journal of dental research, 71 (8), 1543-1544.
295. Demers, M., Brodeur, J., Mouton, C., Simard, P., Trahan, L.,Veilleux, G. (1992) A multivariate model to predict caries increment in Montreal children aged 5 years. Community dental health, 9 (3), 273-281.
296. Grytten, J., Rossow, I., Holst, D.,Steele, L. (1988) Longitudinal study of dental health behaviors and other caries predictors in early childhood. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 16 (6), 356-359.
297. Sarvan, S.,Grubundaki, E.E.O.Ö.Y. (2008) Çocuklara Verilen ağız-diş sağlığı Konusunda Anlatsal ve Görsel Eğitimin Bilgi Düzeyine Etkisi. Çocuk Dergisi, 8, 25-29.
298. Nowak, A.J. (2011) Paradigm shift: Infant oral health care–Primary prevention. Journal of dentistry, 39, S49-S55.
299. Baye, A., Demonty, I., Fagnant, A., Lafontaine, D., Matoul, A.,Monseur, C. (2006) Les compétences des jeunes de 15 ans en Communauté française de Belgique en mathématiques, lecture et sciences: résultats de l'enquête PISA 2003.
300. İrkin, A. (2012) Çocukların gelişim süreci ve televizyonun etkileri. Yayımlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi. Ankara: RTUK.
301. Günaydın, B. (2011) Çocuklara yönelik programlarda toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin sunumu: TRT Çocuk ve Yumurcak TV. Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara.
302. Brown, A. (2011) Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics, 128 (5), 1040-1045.
303. Recherche. L’enfant et son Développement, Le Recherche, Juillet- Août,2005, No: 388. .
304. Giordan, A. Une autre école pour nos enfants ?, Delagrave.France Silber, Corinne Leboissard.(2004). Analyse Critique De La Méthode Globale (Ou Semi-Globale) Commission Lecture de l'ARLE.