Yüzücülerde Farklı Antrenman Dönemlerinde Omuz Kuşağı Kas Kuvveti, Hareket Açıklığı ve Kuvvet-Hız Profillerinin Bilateral Olarak İncelenmesi

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in muscle strength, range of motion and force-velocity parameters in the upper extremities of healthy adolescent swimmers during different training periods after regular training and to answer the question whether it causes bilateral shoulder asymmetry. Twenty swimmers (mean age: 16.10±1.16 years) participated in the study. Swimmers were evaluated in terms of upper extremity muscle strength, range of motion and force-velocity parameters at the beginning of the season, after general preparation, special preparation and taper periods. Shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), flexion (FL) and extension (EX) were measured with a hand dynamometer for strength. Range of motion was measured with a universal goniometer. A force platform was used to analyse force-velocity parameters. Repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyse differences between periods for muscle strength and range of motion. On both sides, ER, IR, FL, EX muscle strengths increased in all periods compared to the beginning of the season and increased in the taper period compared to other periods. ER:IR ratio was lower in the special preparation and taper periods compared to the beginning of the season and general preparation periods (p>0.05). Shoulder IR and ER ranges of motion were similar in right-left shoulders during the season (p>0.05). ER ROM decreased in both right and left shoulders during the macro cycle, while IR range of motion increased (p<0.05). Force-velocity parameters; vertical take-off velocity, flight time and impulse variables increased during the season (p<0.05). At the beginning of the season, the average force and velocity were higher on the non-dominant side, while the time in the air was higher on the dominant side during the general preparation period (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is recommended that physiotherapists and sports scientists should collaborate throughout the season to prevent shoulder injuries in swimming athletes by recognizing changes during the season and adapting training programs by making evaluations. A high training load during the special preparation period, keeping track of muscle strengths and imbalances can be from a physiotherapist's point of view to prevent injuries. It is thought that asymmetries can be corrected with corrective exercise training during land training in swimmers who are identified as at risk.