Türk Demir-Çelik ve Çimento Sanayilerinin Uçucu Organik Bileşiklerin Emisyonlarının Belirlenmesi

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2023

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Sönmez, Ceren

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Cement and iron-steel sectors are significant sectors in Turkey, and these sectors are major pollution sources and major energy consumers. Studies on volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions emitted from these sectors are scarce in number, although VOCs are significantly toxic. Hence, this study aims to estimate the VOC emissions from cement and integrated iron-steel production plant data using acknowledged emission factors (EFs) worldwide and plant-specific operational data gathered for cement and iron-steel plants. 2020 is the base year of this study, and plant-specific data for the year 2020 and the two sectors, are gathered. While CO, SO2, NO2 and PM10 emissions are dominant in the cement industry, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also released due to the organic feeds to the processes, alternative fuel and raw material adoption and leaks from the process furnaces if required combustion conditions are not met. Fifty-six integrated cement plants and three-integrated iron and steel plants are covered in this study. Cement and iron-steel industries are preferred because they have a very high share of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity in Turkey. The focus of this thesis is VOCs because VOCs can be lethal even in small amounts and there are limited studies in the literature on VOC emissions from the major industries of Turkey on a national and on global scale. CO, SO2, NO2 and PM10 emissions are also studied to determine if these pollutants directly or indirectly impact the VOC emissions. In this study, the annual productions of cement and iron and steel plants are multiplied by all VOC emission factors used within the scope of the study. Then it is decided which emission factor is appropriate to use in light of the fuel and other operational data gathered from each plant individually. As a result of the final VOC emission estimations, it is observed that using alternative fuels and fossil fuels together in cement plants results in higher VOC emissions. Coke production and sintering plant VOC emissions in iron and steel plants result in higher VOC emissions than the other processes. It is also observed that VOC emissions are as intense as other pollutants’ emissions for the two sectors, based on the estimations made. As a result of the estimates, when the total VOC emissions of cement plants and iron and steel plants are compared with the official emission inventory data most recently published in 2020 by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, it is found that VOC emissions have a share of 12.5% in all iron and steel and, non-metallic minerals industries including cement plants operating in Turkey, 1.51% in all industrial sectors and 0.48% in all sectors. Then, one reduction scenario is developed for each sector and existing emission estimates. In these scenarios, the reductions in existing emissions are assessed if upgraded technologies have been adopted. If these reduction scenarios had been developed, VOC emissions would have decreased by 54.03% for fifty-six cement plants and by 14.26% for the sum of VOC emissions of three integrated iron and steel plants, compared to this study’s estimates.

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https://hdl.handle.net/11655/34274

Koleksiyonlar

Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü Tez Koleksiyonu [100]

Künye

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