Dijital İnsanî Bilimler Yaklaşımıyla Kültür Varlıklarının Görünürlüğünün ve Kullanımının Artırılması: Türkiye için Kavramsal Bir Model Önerisi

Abstract

Cultural heritage connects the past with the future by forming an integral part of the identities of societies. Countries must create policies for ensuring that people benefit today and passing it on to future generations by protecting their cultural heritage. In this context, it seems that the policies carried out until the time we are inside are inadequate. In Turkey, many cultural objects have disappeared for a variety of reasons (natural, economic, urbanization, disaster, etc.) and still face this danger. With globalization, it has become necessary to increase access to cultural heritage beyond physical protection, to ensure participation and to evaluate practices from an international perspective. For these requirements, developing information and communication technologies are used. Today, it is possible to have knowledge about and interact with a cultural objects existing in any part of the world through works done with digital humanities approach. At this point, a conceptual model was created to increase the visibility and usage of Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Manuscripts, The Hittite cuneiform tablets from Bogazköy, The Works of Ibn Sina in the Süleymaniye Manuscript Library, Evliya Çelebi's "Book of Travels" in the Topkapi Palace Museum Library and the Süleymaniye Manuscript Library, and The Old Assyrian Merchant Archives of Kültepe in Turkey registered in the UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme in digital environment. In this model, which is prepared with the approach of digital humanities, best practices in the literature applied in this field are taken as examples. Suggestions are made about how to use digital humanities tools to reveal the economic, social and cultural values of objects based on the model and to increase their accessibility and visibility. Despite the fact that in recent years a wide range of digitization works of cultural heritage seen in cultural memory institutions, it cannot be said that these works have reached its full purpose. The reason for this is that most of the digitized works are still not accessible to the users in the web environment. In fact, two of the five works have not been opened to Internet access since they have been digitized. The other three works are not yet digitized on collection basis. In addition, there are no studies to increase the visibility of these works in the world and thus to create aesthetic, historical and social values in the mind of humanity related to these heritage. Instead of these independent studies, a holistic approach is needed in which all sectors are involved. Turkey will not be able to benefit from its present rich heritage economically, socially and culturally enough, as long as technological developments, budgets devoted to the application of these developments over cultural heritage, and policies that play a role in shaping these developments are not met contemporary.