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Role Of Warm Rollıng Process On The Cyclıc Stabılıty Of Hıgh-Hf Content Nıtıhf Shape Memory Alloys

dc.contributor.advisorKoçkar, Benat
dc.contributor.authorYerlitaş, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-20T08:05:53Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.submitted2022-05-25
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dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/26956
dc.description.abstractShape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are special materials due to their shape recovery behaviors. SMAs remember their original shape after being deformed in their low temperature martensite phase and then heated back to their high temperature austenite phase. Thus, SMAs can be utilized as actuators in aerospace industry. NiTi based SMAs are widely used ones due to their high shape recovery and work output ability against applied load. However, their transformation temperatures (TTs) are lower than 100 ˚C and this limits their application area. There is a strong desire to increase TTs of SMAs for making them suitable candidates for high temperature applications. Nevertheless, as their working temperatures increase with the increase in TTs, the cyclic stability of the alloys starts to decrease due to the decrease in the resistance to plastic deformation via dislocation formation. As the martensite-austenite transformation takes place, dislocations, which are formed with the thermal and/or mechanical cycles pin the martensite/austenite boundary. Therefore, SMA is not able to demonstrate full shape recovery due to plastic deformation, which also leads to the presence of retained martensite. There are several ways to raise TTs of NiTi binary alloys and to provide cyclic stability such as adding ternary element and applying heat treatments. The most promising additional element is Hf due to its lower cost and its effect in increasing the TTs to very high levels. Furthermore, it should be noted that NiTiHf ternary alloys are not only known as high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) but also high strength alloys. In this study, Ni50.1Ti19.9Hf30 (at%) was used due to its very high TTs and strength. Although NiTiHf alloys have very good properties as mentioned before, they lose these properties at high temperatures. Therefore, thermo-mechanical heat treatments were applied to very Hf-rich Ni50.1Ti19.9Hf30 (at%) HTSMA to enhance its high temperature, functional and shape memory properties (SMPs). The alloy was first homogenized (H) and then warm rolled (WRed) at 3 different temperatures via following 2 different thickness reductions. Functional fatigue experiments (FFE) were conducted on homogenized and on each warm rolled sample. The effect of rolling temperature together with the percentage of thickness reduction on SMPs such as TTs (Austenite start (As) and finish (Af), martensite start (Ms) and finish (Mf) temperatures), actuation (εact) and irrecoverable strains(εirr) was revealed by comparing the WRed samples with the H one. The hot extruded alloy was homogenized at 1050 ˚C for 2 hours and then the slices, which were cut from the extruded billet, were WRed at 500°C with 2% thickness reduction, at 800°C and 900°C with 10% thickness reduction. TTs of all samples were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine the effect of warm rolling. Then FFEs were conducted using dog bone shape tensile specimens. The samples were loaded to 200MPa constant stress level and thermally cycled between 250°C and 700°C. All results, which were gathered from DSC and FFE, were compared. One of the most promising findings in this study was the effect of warm rolling on the stability of the functional properties of Ni50.1Ti19.9Hf30 (at%) alloy. Actuation strain (εact) values were found to be quite low but very stable throughout the FFE cycles. Moreover, TTs did not decrease significantly with warm rolling process.tr_TR
dc.language.isoentr_TR
dc.publisherFen Bilimleri Enstitüsütr_TR
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesstr_TR
dc.subjectHigh temperature shape memory alloystr_TR
dc.subjectFunctional fatiguetr_TR
dc.subjectWarm rollingtr_TR
dc.subjectThermal hysteresistr_TR
dc.subjectTransformation temperaturestr_TR
dc.subjectActuation straintr_TR
dc.subject.lcshMakina mühendisliğitr_TR
dc.titleRole Of Warm Rollıng Process On The Cyclıc Stabılıty Of Hıgh-Hf Content Nıtıhf Shape Memory Alloystr_en
dc.title.alternativeYüksek Hf İçerikli Nitihf Şekil Hafızalı Alaşımların Çevrimsel Kararlılığı Üzerindeki Sıcak Haddeleme İşleminin Rolütr_tr
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesistr_TR
dc.description.ozetŞekil Hafızalı Alaşımlar (ŞHA'lar), şekil geri kazanma davranışlarına sahip olmaları nedeniyle özel malzemelerdir. ŞHA’lar düşük sıcaklıktaki martensit fazında deforme olduktan sonra yüksek sıcaklıktaki östenit fazlarına geri ısıtıldıklarında başlangıç şekillerine geri dönebilir. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı, ŞHA’lar havacılık endüstrisinde eyleyici olarak kullanılabilirler. NiTi tabanlı ŞHA’lar, uygulanan yük karşısındaki yüksek şekil geri kazanım ve iş yapabilme özellikleri nedeniyle yaygın olarak kullanılır. Fakat dönüşüm sıcaklıklarının 100 ˚C'nin altında olması sebebiyle uygulama alanlarını kısıtlıdır. Bu alaşımların yüksek sıcaklık uygulamalarında kullanılabilmesi için dönüşüm sıcaklıklarının arttırılması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, dönüşüm sıcaklıkları arttıkça, plastik deformasyona karşı olan dirençlerinin azalması nedeniyle çevrimsel kararlılık azalmaya başlar. Martensit- östenit dönüşümü gerçekleştikçe termal ve/veya mekanik çevrimler sırasında oluşan dislokasyonlar martensit/östenit sınırının hareketini kısıtlar. Dönüşemeyen martensit oluşumuna sebep olan plastik deformasyon ŞHA’nın şeklini bütünüyle geri kazanmasını engeller. İkili NiTi şekil hafızalı alaşımların dönüşüm sıcaklıklarını yükseltmenin üçüncü element eklemek ve ısıl işlem uygulamak gibi birkaç yolu vardır. Düşük maliyeti ve dönüşüm sıcaklıklarının çok yüksek seviyelere çıkarmadaki etkisi nedeniyle gelecek vadeden element Hf’dir. Üçlü NiTiHf şekil hafızalı alaşımların sadece yüksek sıcaklık şekil hafızalı alaşımlar (YSŞHA’lar) olarak değil, aynı zamanda yüksek mukavemetli alaşımlar olarak da bilinir. Bu çalışmada, çok yüksek dönüşüm sıcaklıkları ve mukavemeti nedeniyle Ni50.1Ti19.9Hf30 (at%) kullanılmıştır. Daha önce bahsedildiği gibi üçlü NiTiHf alaşımları çok iyi şekil hafıza özelliklere sahip olmalarına rağmen, yüksek sıcaklıkta bu özelliklerini kaybederler. Bu nedenle, yüksek sıcaklık, fonksiyonel ve şekil hafıza özelliklerini geliştirmek için Hf bakımından zengin Ni50.1Ti19.9Hf30 YSŞHA’ya termo-mekanik ısıl işlemler uygulanmıştır. Alaşım önce homojenize edilmiş ve ardından 3 farklı sıcaklıkta 2 farklı kalınlık inceltme yüzdesi ile haddelenmiştir. Homojenize edilmiş ve termo-mekanik olarak işlem görmüş numunelerin her biri fonksiyonel yorulma deneylerine tâbi tutulmuştur. Haddeleme sıcaklığı ile kalınlık inceltme yüzdesinin; dönüşüm sıcaklıkları, eyleyici gerinimi ve geri dönüşemeyen gerinim gibi şekil hafıza özellikleri üzerine olan etkisi, homojenize edilmiş ve sıcak haddelenmiş numunelerin karşılaştırılması ile ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Sıcak ekstrüde edilmiş alaşım, 1050 ˚C’de 2 saat homojenize edildikten sonra homojenize edilmiş kütükten kesilen dilimler 500°C sıcaklıkta %2, 800°C ve 900°C sıcaklıklarda ise %10 kalınlıkta azalma sağlanarak sıcak haddelenmiştir. Sıcak haddelenmenin etkisini belirlemek için, tüm numunelerin dönüşüm sıcaklıkları (Östenit Başlangıç, Östenit Bitiş, Martensit Başlangıç ve Martensit Bitiş sıcaklıkları) Diferansiyel Taramalı Kalorimetre (DTK) ile ölçülmüştür. Daha sonra köpek kemiği şeklindeki çekme numuneleri kullanılarak fonksiyonel yorulma deneyleri (FYD) gerçekleştirilmiştir. FYD’leri 200 MPa sabit gerilim altında ve 250°C ve 700°C arasındaki termal çevrimde yapılmıştır. DTK ve FYD’den elde edilen tüm veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada gelecek vadeden bulgulardan birisi, sıcak haddelemenin Ni50.1Ti19.9Hf30 (%at) alaşımının fonksiyonel özelliklerinin kararlı hale getirmesi üzerindeki etkisidir. Numunelerin eyleci gerinimlerinin FYD’deki çevrimler boyunca çok kararlı, eyleyici gerinim değerlerinin ise oldukça düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, sıcak haddeleme işlemi sonrasında dönüşüm sıcaklıklarında önemli bir düşüş gözlemlenmemiştir.tr_TR
dc.contributor.departmentMakine Mühendisliğitr_TR
dc.embargo.termsAcik erisimtr_TR
dc.embargo.lift2022-10-20T08:05:53Z
dc.fundingYoktr_TR


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