Kentsel Dönüşüm Çalışmalarında Asbest Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

In this thesis study; evaluation of asbestos exposure risk at urban renewal studies which are realized intensively in recent years at our country is aimed. Accordingly; 5 different research and investigation are carried out such as field research at different cities, evaluation of asbestos inventory report’s in 20 district’s of İstanbul, assessment of measurements and samplings of two asbestos demolition studies in shipyard, preperation of asbestos draft legislation and check lists, comparison with the legislation in force and Asbestos Risk Assessment Programme (ARP). At first stage measurement, sampling and survey studies in Ankara, Konya and İstanbul and field visit at slum demolition area are practiced. Afterward, datas at 1.069 inventory reports which involves 20 districts of İstanbul are assessed regarding 7 criterias and existance of asbestos at inventory reports (buildings) is demonstrated on map via using ArcMap programme. Asbestos is detected at 330 (% 30,87) of inventory reports and 418 (% 5,95) of bulk samples. Among districts with 127 (% 11,88) inventory reports and 174 (% 2,47) bulk samples most asbestos is detected in Kadıköy and with 1 (% 0,09) inventory report and 1 (% 0,09) bulk sample least asbestos is detected in Zeytinburnu. Samples with asbestos, 254 (% 60,77) of them are chrysotile type at most and 1 (% 0,24) of them is anthophyilite and 1 (% 0,24) of them is mixture of chrysotile and anthophyilite type asbestos at least is encountered. Between 43 different material type most sampling 1.254 (% 17,84) is taken from plaster and least sampling 5 (% 0,07) is taken from pitch. Asbestos is detected at 16 type of materails and most of the asbestos specifically chrysotile type (145) is found at 187 of eternite material. Following eternite asbestos is mostly found at vinyl floor material with 120 (% 28,71) samples and mostly tremolite type asbestos is seen at those samples. No asbestos is found at 27 of material types. When we make comparison according to flat or structure of building 29 different classification is done and the most of the samples with the number of 1.601 (% 22,77) is taken from ground floor and the least samples with the number of 1 (% 0,01) are taken from workshops, 12., 14. and 17. floors. If we evaluate the rates of asbestos detection with 69 (% 16,51) samples mostly at attic and mostly chrysotile type asbestos is found and it is mostly detected at Maltepe district’s attic sample (16). No asbestos is found at workshops, detached house, sports center, 10., 12., 14. and 17. floor samples. Considering sampling location or side of building; it is mostly found at attic samples (137) and mostly chrysotile type asbestos is found and it is mostly detected at Şişli district’s attic sample (33). Samples of 6.911 (% 98,29) are analysed with Polarized Light Microscope and 120 of samples (% 1,70) are analysed with Scanning Electron Microscope. At first stage of 2 stages asbestos dismantling study at shipyard; 21 inventory report is prepared and totally 426 sampling and measurement is done including 191 bulk sample, 66 soil sample 47 personal exposure and 121 ambient air meaures. Asbestos is detected at 3 of inventory reports and 48 of bulk samples and it was mostly tremolite type asbestos (35). Among types of material asbestos is found at vinyl floor covering (29) at most and tremolite type asbestos (22) was the first of all types. In proportion to flat or structure of building asbestos is measured at entrance floors at most with 19 samples and mostly it was tremolite type asbestos (16), when we look at to the sampling location or side of building asbestos is mostly seen at ground samples with 28 and these samples are mostly with tremolite type asbestos (21). Only one of the personal sampling measurement (0,325 fiber/cm3) which is measured during asbestos demolition work is found over legal limit value (0.1 fiber/cm3) and one sampling (0,107 fiber/cm3) which is done whileas attic demolition is found at legal limit value. At first asbestos dismantling work one of the ambient air value (0,524 fiber/cm3) is measured over limit value, at second work all of the ambient air measurement results were below limit. No asbestos is found at 66 of soil samples. In the thesis also draft asbestos regulation legislation is prepared, comparison is done with legislation in force and revision offers and check lists which are available to use at asbestos works are presented for other national asbestos regulation’s articles. Finally online “Asbestos Risk Assessment Programme (ARP)” is developed which is able to use asbestos risk assessment works.