Ergenlerde Riskli Akıllı Telefon Kullanımı ve İlişkili Etkenler

Abstract

Çelik, Y. The Problematic Smartphone Use And Related Factors In Adolescents, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Thesis in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, 2022. In this cross-sectional study, adolescents who applied to the child and adolescent mental health and diseases outpatient clinic were evaluated and compared to each other with respect to problematic smartphone use and related factors. A total of 165 adolescents between the ages of 12-18 were included. In addition to the K-SADS-PL psychiatric diagnosis interview with the adolescents, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Turkish Nomophobia Scale (TNS), Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT), Computer Game Addiction Scale For Children (CGAS), Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Emotional Availability of Parents (EAP), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), and Quality of Life Scale (QLS) were applied. For mothers, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Turkish Nomophobia Scale (TNS), Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (A-ADHD-SRS) and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were applied. The adolescents included in the study were divided into the high dependent group (N = 72) and the low dependent group (N = 93), with a cut-off point of SAS score of 100. In addition, the TNS score cut-off point was determined as 60, and the group was divided into two: the moderate-high nomophobia group (N = 97) and the low nomophobia group (N = 68). The highly dependent group has more psychopathology (mood disorders, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hiperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder) diagnoses, more depressive and anxiety symptoms, higher attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, more difficulties in emotion regulation, lower self-esteem, lower quality of sleep and life, higher internet addiction, lower social support of family and friend, and lower mother and father emotional accessibility. It was determined that the parents in the highly dependent group had more depressive symptoms, anxiety, attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, and higher nomophobia levels. The moderate-high nomophobia group has more psychopathology (mood disorders and ADHD) diagnoses, more depressive and anxiety symptoms, more difficulties in emotion regulation, lower self-esteem, lower quality of sleep and life, higher internet addiction, and lower father emotional accessibility. It was determined that parents in the medium-high nomophobia group had higher levels of nomophobia. The predictors of smartphone addiction levels were nomophobia levels, depressive symptoms, computer game addiction, attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms, and emotional availability of the mother. The factors predicting nomophobia levels were determined as smartphone addiction levels, parents' nomophobia levels, and mother's emotional accessibility. As a result, it is thought that smartphone addiction and nomophobia are associated with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses. Repetition of future studies by establishing diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction will be beneficial in terms of more generalizable results.