Tanzimat Dönemi Uygulamalarının Ankara Kent Dokusuna Etkisi (1839-1924)

Abstract

19th century which is important in the world’ economic and political history, especially in terms of formation of a Eurocentric world economic system and in which Ottoman Empire found its way out by choosing West as a model and multifaceted reform decisions and change brought by them. Tanzimat Edict, which was starting point of Ottoman modernization efforts and declared in 1839 as an official state policy, started a period that reshaped Ottoman state structure and social fabric by making reforms that have been ongoing since 18th century. With the changing legal practices brought by Tanzimat, new land order, new nation system and new administrative reorganization gave rise to a transformation in the institutional structure and all these have created new property order, new city and public works management, therefore had effects on cities fabric and architectural style. In this period, Ankara was one of the prior cities where the changes were implemented. The history of Ankara, which entered a new period and was reshaped as a model city after being the capital of the newly established Republic of Turkey in the first quarter of the 20th century, is important in terms of both the process of becoming the capital city and giving clues about today's Ankara. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine urban fabric and architectural practice of Ankara regarding process which started with Tanzimat Edict in line with Ottoman modernization projects and brought changes in many areas from administration to the education, with the spatial structures produced by the upper scale and the local context by using maps of 1839 and 1924, to determine the processes that cause these changes and to establish their relations with the Tanzimat reforms. Based upon the reflection of social, economic, administrative and political change last on physical space, by analyzing both historical background of Ottoman Empire and of Ankara in that period, Tanzimat reforms and their effects on urban fabric and architectural practice of Ankara were evaluated by examining the maps, written and visual documents.