Okçuluk Sporcularında Stabilizasyonun ve Stabilizasyonla İlişkili Parametrelerin Atış Performansına Olan Etkisinin Servikal, Lumbal ve Skapular Seviyede İncelenmesi

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stabilization and stabilization-related parameters on shooting performance at the cervical, lumbal and scapular level in archers. A total of 40 archery athletes with 23 compound and 17 recurve bows aged between 10 and 18 years, who have professionally performed archery for at least 1 year were included in the study. Demographic information and musculoskeletal system evaluations of the athletes were evaluated. Performance of the athletes via Upper Extremity Closed Kinetic Chain Stability Test, Hand Grip Strength test; presence of scapular dyskinesia was evaluated via the Lateral Scapular Slide Test. Cervical level stabilization was evaluated via Craniocervical Flexion Test, scapular level stabilization was evaluated via Scapular Muscle Endurance Test, lumbar level stabilization was evaluated via Abdominal Drawing-in Test and Sahrmann's Core Stability Test. As the parameters related to stabilization, postures via Corbin Postural Rating Scale; balances via Stork Balance Test, Upper Extremity Y Balance Test; pain was evaluated via the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Shooting performances were evaluated with 72 target shootings and a total of 720 points. For statistical analysis, Student-t Test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the difference between groups with good and bad performance, and second-order confirmatory factor analysis, which is a different form of structural equation model, was used to determine the factors affecting shooting performance. As a result of the study, it was found that the non-dominant upper extremity length (λ=5,185) and dominant hand grip strength (λ=6,503), which were effective in the model, improved the shooting performance (p<0,01). According to the study results, the effect of stabilization on shooting performance was found in scapular, cervical and lumbar level. The effect of scapular level on shooting performance was found higher than cervical and lumbar level. The prone and supine test positions of the Abdominal Drawing-in Test were found to be significant between groups in terms of shooting performance (p<0,01). There was no significant differences between groups in terms of disability level, balance, posture, scapular dyskinesia (p>0.05). According to these results, it is recommended to include exercises for all levels of stabilizer muscles in the training programs of archery athletes in order to improve shooting performance, and to apply special programs for scapular stabilization since the athletic career started.