Törenin Ekonomi Politiği
Özet
Pastoralists of Central Asia are organized under the nomadic mode of production. In social formations that have a dominaton over the mobile means of production in the form of a herd, the unique nature of the means of production and the determining effects of the herd form give rise to the structural formation we call the nomadic mode of production. In the nomadic mode of production, there is family dominance over herds and collective dominance over pasture and water resources. As the economic determinants of the mode of production force the Central Asian nomads to organize in a military form and internal exploitation is hindered by the structural conditions of the mode of production, the social classes in the social formations within the nomadic mode of production ceases at the stage of the pre-class. The herd form and the problem of sharing pastures-water resources force the communities living in the nomadic mode of production to establish organizations based on lineage. These organizations connect families to obas, obas to uruks, uruks to tribes, and all these elements to the structural formation we call the inter-tribal cooperation organization. The inter-tribal cooperation organization, which is the basic layer of political organization in the nomadic mode of production, undertakes the function of solving the problem of reaching pastures-water resources between mobile and relatively autonomous productive units and bringing the productive units together in the fields of extra-societal exploitation, defense and trade. Normative practices do not take the form of law, since internal exploitation relations do not develop in social formations within the nomadic mode of production, the society is organized around warfare, and in this context, class domination is not manifested. In the context of the pre-class structure of the nomadic mode of production, normative practices assume the function of reproduction of nomadic communities within the pre-class order, not the domination of a hegemonic class. Before the industrial revolution, under the intense determinism of natural conditions on human activity, the reproduction function in question is largely shaped around the need for reproduction of livestock in the herd form. The decisive effect of the need for reproduction of the livestock on normative practices results in the embodiment of the practices that make up the tradition around the necessity and regularity relations that develop around the need for the reproduction of the livestock. Normative practices that develop under the determinant of the need fort he reproduction of livestock do not represent the interests of a dominant class in nomadic societies at the pre-class stage. The practices that make up the tradition are subject to the determination of the class struggles between the front classes rather than the traces of the domination of a class.
