Adölesan Gebelerle Erişkin Gebelerin, Gebelikte ve Doğum Sonrası Fiziksel Durum, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Doğum Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the differences between adolescent and adult pregnant women in terms of physical condition, pelvic floor dysfunction, quality of life and birth outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum. A total of 140 pregnant women, consisting of literate adolescent pregnant women (15-18 years old) and adult pregnant women (18-35 years old) who met the inclusion criteria, completed this comparative and controlled study [adolescent pregnant (n=69), adult pregnant (n= 71)]. Evaluation parameters were determined as presence of low back pain, diastasis recti abdominis, abdominal muscle strength, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form: (IPAQ-SF), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 Scale, APGAR score, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Both pregnant groups were evaluated in the 2nd trimester (between 16-28 weeks), the 3rd trimester (between 29-36 weeks) and the 2nd month after delivery. According to the results of the study, in the evaluation of adolescent pregnant women during pregnancy compared to adult pregnants; they have weaker abdominal muscles (p<0.05), lower back pain is more common (p<0.05), more diastasis recti abdominis occurs (p<0.05), they gain more weight during pregnancy (p<0.05), It was found that they were more depressed and had more pelvic floor dysfunction in the third trimester (p<0.05). According to the postnatal evaluation, it was determined that adolescents were more depressed, had more pelvic floor dysfunction, and their babies had lower APGAR scores (p<0.05). However, the presence of low back pain, second trimester values of diastasis recti abdominis measurements, physical activity levels during pregnancy and postpartum (inactive), and quality of life levels were found to be similar in both groups (p>0.05). In the evaluation of Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), similar results were found for both groups (p>0.05). Both pregnant groups were evaluated in the 2nd trimester (between 16-28 weeks), the 3rd trimester (between 29-36 weeks) and the 2nd month after delivery. According to the results of the study, in the evaluation of adolescent pregnant women during pregnancy compared to adult pregnant women; they have weaker abdominal muscles (p<0.05), lower back pain is more common (p<0.05), more diastasis recti abdominis occurs (p<0.05), they gain more weight during pregnancy (p<0.05), It was found that they were more depressed and had more pelvic floor dysfunction in the third trimester (p<0.05). According to the postnatal evaluation, it was determined that adolescents were more depressed, had more pelvic floor dysfunction, and their babies had lower APGAR scores (p<0.05). However, the presence of low back pain, second trimester values of diastasis recti abdominis measurements, physical activity levels during pregnancy and postpartum (inactive), and quality of life levels were found to be similar in both groups (p>0.05). In the evaluation of Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), similar results were found for both groups (p>0.05). It was found that the pregnant women were similar at birth in terms of gestational age, birth weight of the baby, delivery type, labor duration and APGAR 5th minute scores of babies born with normal delivery (p>0.05). We believe that the results of this study will shed light on new research to be planned in terms of increasing the level of physical activity, preventing pelvic floor dysfunction or establishing treatment protocols and increasing their quality of life for adolescent pregnant women.