Marksist Düşüncenin Aristotelesçi Temelleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Abstract

The aim of this study is to reveal the Aristotelian grounds of Marxist thought in terms of certain commonalities, similarities, parallels in methodological styles, philosophical starting points and agreement in goals. In this context, in the first part of the thesis, a study aiming to create a conceptual framework to be used in other parts and to reach an "Aristotelian philosophy" characteristic that forms the grounds of Marxist thought is presented. By applying an Aristotelian method of thinking directly to philosophy itself, in other words, by addressing the question "what is philosophy?" in an Aristotelian style, it is aimed to reach an "Aristotelian philosophy" and to reveal some forms of philosophical understanding that form the grounds of Marxist thought. According to Aristotle, since knowledge is the knowledge of causes, the causes of philosophy have been researched and in this context, it has been claimed that the material cause of philosophy is "concept", the formal cause is "language", the efficient cause is "spirit", and the final cause is "self-realization". This research has shown that a certain concept of "wholeness" is an essential element of "Aristotelian philosophy", that Aristotelian philosophy has a philosophical form that we call "onto-political", which extends from ontology to politics and thus "integrates" ontology and politics, in its handling of all philosophical issues. The grounding of the claim that this "onto-political" understanding of wholeness is the most fundamental basis of Marxist thought's conceptualization of "dialectical materialism" constitutes the subject of the second chapter. In this chapter, the claim that the dialectical materialism understanding of Marxist thought is a conceptualization along the line of Aristotelian wholeness and that it constitutes an extension between ontology and politics as in Aristotle, is grounded. In the third chapter, the Aristotelian grounds of Marxist thought are revealed through various conceptual components such as morality, ethics, virtue, teleology-deontology opposition, liberal understanding of "justice", class struggle and political economy, which are under the umbrella of the concept of "justice". Showing the Aristotelian grounds of Marxist thought on social life is the subject of the fourth chapter. In this context, firstly the understanding of "human" that shares a common ground is shown, and then, starting from this human understanding, Aristotelian grounds of Marxist thought are revealed in the context of concepts such as alienation, happiness, labor, leisure, self-realization, well living and communism.