Hastane Çocuk Oyun Alanlarının Sanat ve Yaratıcılık Odaklı Tasarımı
Özet
With the today’s design approach, hospital interiors show a tendency towards a healing(holistic) and user-oriented healing perceptive from the point of view of physical recovery in the historical process. Therefore, the subject and the method of the study have shown development around the questions and answers to respond them regarding how space can contribute to “recovery”.
The study sets off on the mission of contributing to carrying knowledge background to the acceleration to be applied practically in terms of creating a base for the literature and regulations regarding hospital design. For this purpose, the method of the study includes choosing a certain region and making an analysis of the service spaces, and mapping out today’s content in an understandable way. By means of analysis of the current situation, it is aimed to establish the consistency between the said approach and today’s approach and the parameters that can be suggested.
The relationship between hospital interiors and recovery concepts, which presents itself with a general approach, was gradually narrowed down in line with the objectives of the study. In order to point out the field of study with the deductive method, data were collected from the historical process of hospital structures to the branching and the emergence of pediatric clinics and examined under headings for getting to know the user by using different disciplines through today's practices. In this respect, one of the most important criteria to make the study genuine is to determine the user group.
For the study, which focuses on contributing to recovery, the user group has been asked to direct towards a class that is high in the needs list. For this purpose, there has been a trend towards “Hematology and Oncology Clinics” where there is a long stay in the hospital and a severe stress for adaptation and return to life. For the specified clinics, because of the strength of the child user's relationship with art and creativity and their fragile nature for coping with stress, a spatial study was followed for the patients of the "Pediatrics Department". Simultaneously, for user needs, “playgrounds” were chosen among the spaces that are convenient for contributing to recovery, and the limits of the study were determined for play-age children.
In order to implement the space design in a user-oriented manner, regarding the needs of the pediatric patient, the focus is on understanding physical and cognitive abilities on a periodical basis, defining the user needs correctly by benefiting from areas of expertise such as psychological factors and pediatrics. In the next step, the study, which was on how to meet the spatial needs of the acquainted users/pediatric patients, focused on the design of the play room and concentrated on the approaches that enables art and creativity by means of playing.
In the stage of field study, in relation to the categories created by the user factor, official permission has been requested for the examination of playgrounds in all (11 hospitals) “Pediatrics Hematology” and “Pediatrics Oncology” Clinics in Ankara, however only “Hacettepe University Pediatric Oncology Hospital” and “Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital” clinics were eligible for the study. By the study carried out, the users of playgrounds taking place in clinics were reported to be children between the ages 2 and 6, who are defined as in “play age” in the literature and it has been found that this range coincides with the age range narrowed for the study. Moreover, it is found that playgrounds are generally seen as a field of occupation and not considered as a space that contributes to recovery and that is used for supporting creating interaction with the age group.
The study accepts the information that "space has a healing power when it is designed correctly" and that "design and creativity are healing elements", which is frequently studied in the literature and focuses on remedial space suggestions for pediatric patients through children's playrooms/areas. In addition, the use of the obtained data was given importance to be constructed in a way that would contribute to the regulation that is used in Turkey and that defines the requirements and restrictions. In this respect, hospital designs are determined by the Ministry of Health of Turkey. Standards of the project studies of today's health buildings in our country have been established within the scope of "Ministry of Health of Turkey, Construction and Repair Department - Turkey Health Buildings Minimum Design Standards 2010 Guideline". However, it is thought that restrictions are accentuated over the general data on children’s playgrounds. Therefore, it is aimed to conclude the study within the scope of specifying the characteristics of children's playgrounds applied for long-term inpatients under the pediatrics branch.
