COVİD-19 pandemisi sürecinde bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları üzerine etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi

Abstract

Akgün M. Investigation Of The Factors Affecting The Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Of İndividuals During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Specialization Thesis in Medicine, Ankara, 2021. The Covid-19 pandemic has reminded societies and individuals of the perception of a healthy lifestyle since the end of 2019. Some positive and negative health behaviors in humans have changed in the form of increase or decrease. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the lifestyle behaviors of individuals over the age of 18 and to examine the variables that may be related to these behaviors, with the HLBS-II (Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II) and questions including smoking, alcohol use behaviors, nutrition, physical activity status and additional supplement use during the pandemic period. In this study, a questionnaire consisting of 82 questions was shared with the participants in the social media. Sociodemographic information, health-related information, pre-/post-pandemic smoking, alcohol, multivitamin, food supplement use, sleep, physical activity and nutritional status, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were applied in the questionnaire. A total of 649 people were included in the study. 59.6% of the participants were female and 40.4% were male. 67.5% of them were university graduates and 45.6% were health personnel. 16.5% had a chronic disease. The mean score of the COAS (Coronavirus Anxiety Scale) is 2.04 ± 3.27, and the mean score of SYBDS-II (Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II) is 123.49±18.47. Total HLBS-II score was higher in the group over 35 years old and in non-health professions. Although the subscale scores varied, they were significantly higher in those who started and used multivitamin and food supplements, exercised, and fed more regularly during the pandemic process. Married people scored higher in the spiritual growth and nutrition subgroups, while singles performed better in stress management. And throughout the study, it was observed that healthcare professionals were in worse condition in subscale scores and total scores. While 73.8% of the participants have never smoked, 79.3% have never used alcohol. The rate of smoking was lower in females and healthcare professionals. Stress management sub-score was higher in non-smokers. Alcohol use was higher in those under the age of 35 and in singles, and these groups also showed more consumption-increasing behavior during the pandemic. Those who did not have children at home had a higher tendency to use alcohol and to continue in the pandemic. 27.1% of the participants use multivitamins; 9.9% of them started during the pandemic period. 22.1% of them use food supplements; 14.3% of them started using it during the pandemic period. Healthcare professionals preferred multivitamins more than food supplements. Married people tended to use it more than singles in both. While the diet of 65.9% of the participants was the same as before the pandemic, the nutrition of 17.0% was more regular than before the pandemic. While 44.7% of the participants had not been exercising regularly since before the pandemic, 21.7% of them had not been able to do it since the pandemic process. 13.2% of them started to exercise during the pandemic period. According to these results, the exercise status of people was negatively affected by the pandemic. In this study, we determined that people's healthy lifestyle behaviors are affected by many sociodemographic and health-related factors. We observed that the pandemic changed some health-related behaviors in the short term. Coronavirus anxiety is one of these factors, and this anxiety decreases with a healthy lifestyle. Although it is not yet possible to detect the longer-term effects of the pandemic, studies are needed.