Tünelcilikte Çift ve Püskürtme Tek Kabuk Sızdırmazlık Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Özet
Underground and surface water have a negative impact on tunnels. Even if there are various measures you can take to prevent these problems, it is always a difficult task to control the water due to its complex flowing behavior and to predict the damage it can cause compared to other problems. For this reason, sealing in tunnels with prolonged use is an important issue. There are basically two waterproofing methods used in tunneling as double shell and sprayed single shell methods. The traditional method, also known as double shell, consists of a PVC-membrane placed between the outer reinforcement applied to the rock surface and the final coating concrete. Although this method is advantageous when examined economically, it has various disadvantages in terms of its applicability and difficulty of repair. The innovative method known as sprayed single shell waterproofing method consists of sprayed liquid membrane and fiber-reinforced shotcrete instead of final cast concrete. Although this method has a slightly higher cost compared to the traditional method, it can easily and safely be applied and repaired in case of any damage. The aim of this thesis is to compare these two methods in terms of applicability, duration of work, cost and health and safety. In accordance with this goal, both methods have been analyzed in detail in terms of the criteria mentioned above. Considering that a safe and stable tunnel is the most important issue, the stability of the tunnels opened under different rock mass conditions has been analysed by applying both methods. For this purpose, a 600 meter long sample tunnel with rock classes A2, B2 and C2 was created and stability analyses were performed with 2D numerical modeling. According to the results of numerical modeling, it was determined that both methods did not cause an instability problem. Geology has been shown to be one of the main parameters in choosing the correct waterproofing method. As a result, the membrane double shell and sprayed single shell waterproofing methods on the sample tunnel are very close to each other in terms of cost. It has been estimated that liquid membrane application provides much better conditions in terms of occupational health and safety. Time required for the application of sprayed single shell method was found to be approximately 35 percent less in comparison to traditional method.
