Sürdürülebilir Kent Planlamasında CBS Tabanlı Çok Kriterli Çevresel Risk Analizi: Ankara Gölbaşı Örneği

Abstract

Cities, which are residential areas with limited natural resources, where the majority of the population works in the service and industry sectors, where they live together since human beings are social beings; They are dynamic structures that react to all kinds of effects and have their own characteristics. Today, urbanization, which growth has emerged as a result of the number of cities in parallel with the economic, social, and technological developments, besides the change and transformation for the unique textures of the cities, in some cases; It can create threats such as rapid population growth, uncontrolled land use, unplanned construction, and air pollution. Many international organizations have set goals and prepared plans on a global scale with the concept of sustainability, which has been put forward to prevent negative situations that urbanization can bring and for better quality and healthy urban life. At the HABITAT-III conference, which was held every 20 years by the United Nations (UN)-HABITAT Organization, of which Turkey is a member, and the last one was held in 2016, it was emphasized that urban planning should be holistic, ecological, and sustainable with the natural and built environment.

Sustainable city plans should be prepared following the characteristics of the region and in a way that all measures are taken against the threats that may be encountered in the future. This preparation includes the stages of processing, interpretation, and evaluation of all the components of the city, both numerically and qualitatively, in a wide perspective from the natural and built environment of the cities to the population and energy use. Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies are the tool that will help the decisions to be taken by analyzing and managing such a process in the best way.

This study aims to develop a multi-criteria framework to be used in sustainable urban plans in the Gölbaşı district of Ankara. In addition to the fact that the study area has the status of Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA), it is located on important air corridors within the green belt system in sustainable urban planning and is of great importance for the future of the city. In this context, within the scope of the thesis, the environmental risks in the study area were determined, defined systematically and a flow/diagram framework was prepared, then, in line with the weights given to the determined criteria, multi-criteria decision-making methods were applied through GIS and a risk map of the region was created following the prepared framework. With a second analysis made on the regions exposed to high risk in the risk map, the results obtained according to the changing criterion weights were interpreted and evaluated with risk factors. With this study, risk analyzes can be made in every city in our country by changing only the region-specific criteria and weights, and necessary revisions can be made according to the results of these analyzes.