Türkiye’de Tüketiciler Açısından Kredi Uygulamalarına ve Mevzuata İlişkin Genel Değerlendirme

Abstract

Factors such as the information asymmetry in favor of banks in financial markets, the large variety of products offered to consumers and the complexity of product and service contracts make it difficult for consumers to assess their own transactions properly. The fact that the lenders have wrong and illegitimate practices to consumers' disadvantage in credit processes, especially in the matter of fully and accurately informing the consumers about credit transactions, leads consumers making financial decisions become aggrieved. This research; in the context of mortgage and consumer loans, is planned and carried out for the purpose of determining the basic knowledge and awareness level of consumers utilizing loans, revealing the consumer perception and trust regarding the current state of banks in terms of fulfilling and implementing their legal obligations, examining the obligations brought up by the legislation in terms of the relationship between the banks and consumers, determining the awareness of consumers regarding such obligations and eventually, making suggestions to contribute to the healthy operation of the system by presenting the current state. Within this framework, the study was conducted with a total of 528 participants, 276 men and 252 women, who live in Turkey and have utilized fixed-rate consumer or housing finance loans in Turkish Lira at least once. IBM SPSS 26 is used in the evaluation and analysis of the research data. For the purpose of testing the hypotheses of the study, in cases where the independent variables are nominal or interval and the dependent variable is continuous, independent sample t-test or one-way analysis of variance, respectively, in hypotheses where the relationship between two variables is examined the Pearson Moment Coefficient is used. In the research; for the consumers, it has been determined that the knowledge level on credit utilization legislation and the awareness level on credit utilization is quite low, tendency to utilize credit is actually high, perception of the legal rights presented to them in utilizing credit is negative, the level of trust against the banks they utilize credits from is low. It was found that as the tendency to utilize credits increased, the awareness level on credit utilization increased, the positive perception of being protected by laws increased as the knowledge level on credit utilization legislation increased, the consumer trust level increased as the positive perception regarding the legal rights increased and the credit score is increased as awareness level on credit utilization increased.