İş-Aile Çatışmasının Duygusal Tükenmişlik Üzerindeki Etkisinde Psikolojik Sermaye ve İşkolikliğin Düzenleyici Rolü: Bir Alan Çalışması

Abstract

Factors such as globalization, competition, and changing business structure prevent a fair division of limited time between work and family areas, and pressures to meet growing demands forces employees to spend more time at work. It is believed that these changes increase the likelihood of conflict between the work and family areas and if precautions are not taken lead to chronic conditions such as emotional exhaustion. However, work-family conflict does not have the same consequences for everyone; some people are expected to have more advantage because of their personal resources, while others are more prone to experience emotional exhaustion due to their personal inclinations. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to determine whether psychological capital and workaholism have a moderating effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. The relationships between work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, workaholism and psychological capital were examined under two models using data collected from white-collar employees employed in the financial sector over a single period of time. As part of this study, two separate models were proposed which examined the possible relationships between the variables based on the literature, and the analysis of each model was carried out using PROCESS Macro developed by Hayes (2018). When we examined the results it was seen that while work-family conflict positively predicted emotional exhaustion the effect of family-work conflict on emotional exhaustion was not statistically significant. It was also found that workaholism and psychological capital did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. In the alternative model, it is assumed that workaholism predicts emotional exhaustion through work-family conflict, but the positive effect of workaholism on emotional exhaustion will decrease in individuals with high psychological capital. According to the findings, it was found that workaholism effects emotional exhaustion through work-family conflict, but the mediation in question is only significant at the medium and high levels of psychological capital. It was also found that psychological capital moderated the relationship between workaholism and work-family conflict and did not have a moderating role on the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. The results showed that psychological capital reduces the negative impact that workaholism causes on work-family conflict thus reducing the likelihood that workaholic tendencies will lead to work-family conflict. But the fact that psychological capital does not moderate the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion shows that psychological capital does not provide any protection in reducing emotional exhaustion if work-family conflict has reached a certain level. The findings show that work-family conflict and workaholism are associated with negative outcomes such as emotional exhaustion, while psychological capital plays a role as a mechanism that protects employees to a certain point. Thus, several suggestions which were thought to be useful were made to managers to help develop employees' psychological capital resources and to try and reduce the harmful effects or prevent the emergence of work-family conflict and workaholism.