Moldova'daki Gagauz Türklerinin Dil ve Eğitim Durumları Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Araştırma

Abstract

On December 23,1994, law has been given for the establishment of the Gagauziya Autonomous Territorial Unit (Gagauz Place) at the Moldovian parliament. The official title of this law is "Special legal status law of Gagauziya (rus." Zakon ob osobom pravovom statuse Gagauzii "). According to this law, it has been declared as the primary source of autonomous status of the Gagauz people and Gagauziya's own national flag, anthem and the symbol have been created and also recognized by the Republic of Moldova. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as the political status of the Gagauz Turks changed, changes occurred in their socio-cultural structure and identity construction as well. Within the scope of this study, the socio-cultural status of Gagauz Turks living in Moldova, the maintenance of Gagauz culture, the adoption of Gagauz culture and its effects on the integration level have been investigated. In this context, the effects of Gagauz Turks living in Moldova on Turkish language competencies, family structure, social interaction situations, sense of belonging and cultural transfer process have been examined. The purpose of choosing the place where Gagauz Turks living in Moldova are located as the research area is that Gagauz Turks have an autonomous structure that belongs to them only in this particular region. Field researches of this study with qualitative methods were used, was conducted in Moldova. In the qualitative part of the research, within snowball sampling, data was gathered by semi-structured interview technique among 29 participants who represented various groups of the Gagauz Turkish community living in Moldova. According to the results; It is possible to say that Gagauz Turks living in Moldova have a high level of education according to the education policies implemented after the Soviet Union. Education in Gagauz schools is held mainly in Russian. The quality of education is high, and there are many faculty options with on higher education. However, due to the economic difficulties in the country, young Gagauz Turks adopt the Russian language as their language of education. In addition, Gagauz Turks can pass their own culture and Gagauz language to the next generations. After Gagauz Autonomous Region acquires its legal status, it can preserve its native Gagauz language. It has been stated that the Gagauz Turks living in Moldova have a nuclear family structure as in the Soviet Union, and all the family members play an equal role in the decision-making process of domestic issues. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, religious restrictions also disappeared. It is possible to state that it is important for Gagauz Turks to comply with religious practices.