XIX. Yüzyıldan XX. Yüzyıla Ankara'da Göç ve İskân (1856-1918)

Abstract

Depending on the political developments from the XIXth century, like many places of the world, Anatolia witnessed significant demographic movements. Though internal migration emerged within the Ottoman Empire during the last quarter of the XVIIIth century, the intensity of the migration ocured after the Crimean War (1856). 1877-78 Ottoman-Russian War was a breaking point regarding the migration. After this war, numerous immigrant groups migrated to Anatolia in masses. The Balkan Wars also played role in the migrations. It is also known that, after the Ottoman Empire, the period of Turkish Republic experienced the examples of migrations to Anatolia. The migrations have been going on from the early years of the Turkish Republic till today. Like many provinces of Anatolia, Ankara was an important center for settlement during the migrations which started in the last part of the XVIIIth century and are still continuing. Accordingly, Tatars and Nogais from Crimea and the Caucasus; Karachay-Malkar, Abkhaz, Circassian and Chechen communities from the Caucasus; Bosnians and Albanians from the Balkans and Rumelia, along with Turkish/Muslims from Romania, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Greece migrated to Ankara. Most of the immigrants from Romania (especially from Dobruja) were Tatars with Crimea origins. In addition to those, Tatars and Nogais from the cities of Ufa, Kazan and Kuban of Russia were settled in Ankara. The aforementioned immigrants were mostly settled in Haymana, Gölbaşı, Balâ, Sincan (Zir), Çubuk, Şereflikoçhisar, Kahramankazan (Murtazaâbâd), Ayaş and Akyurt districts of Ankara. There are also evidences for the settlement of some immigrants in the center of Ankara. Most of the settlements built for the immigrants conserve their demographic structure and survive today. Although the population of some of these settlements decreased in time, there are still approximately 50 immigrant settlements in Ankara. In this study, which consists of an introduction and three chapters, the factors bringing about the migration will be evaluated. Then, the reasons of immigrant settlements and the immigrant communities resettled in Ankara, the problems faced during the resettlement, aid and priviliges provided to resettled immigrants and the effects and contributions of the immigrants to Ankara will be discussed based on archival sources and field researches.