19. Yüzyılda Osmanlı-İran İlişkileri Bağlamında “Iı Abdülhâmid, Nasıreddin ve Muzaffereddin Şâh” Fotoğraf Albümleri

Abstract

The invention of photography has an important role in our lives with the industrial revolution and increasing technical developments. Photography, which adds aesthetics to people's lives, social and political life, has an important place for the promotion of states. Photograph albums and gifts sent to other states for the purpose of shopping were used as part of the representation strategy. These photo albums that have these features in the nineteenth century are considered in this thesis within the framework of competition and cooperation of Kaçar and the Ottoman Empire. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the Ottoman-Qajar relations in the context of photo albums and the history of photo and photo albums in these policies from a comparative perspective. The purpose of the course is to evaluate the rich content of the photo albums sent as gifts in these two states on different contextual backgrounds in the fields of historical, cultural, visual sociology, visual anthropology and visual ethnography. In the nineteenth century these photo albums endeavoured to create the 'image of power' of the 'three religious leaders on earth' in the context of the relations of the two states. Within the scope of our thesis, there are five albums sent by the Qajar State to the Ottoman Empire. Today three albums in one of Istanbul university archives and rare books library archive in the National Palace of Turkey's Grand National Assembly Library, and another is located in Taksim Library Rare Collection. Four albums 63, 1256, 90889 and 91356 were sent to the Ottomans throughout the time of Nasir al-Din Shah and the album numbered 77932 in the time of the Muzaffer al-Din Shah period. During the monarchy of Nasir al-Din and Muzaffer al- Din Shah 18 photo albums (24, 28, 45, 57, 58, 88, 101, 103, 157, 166, 169, 204, 208, 213, 214, 286, 299 and 308) were sent to Iran by the Ottomans during the reign of Sultan II. Abdulhamid. These albums are presently being kept in the Album House of the Gulistan Palace Museum in Tehran. Since the number of photo albums sent by the Ottoman state as visual gift proof is higher than the number of Iranian Qajar state, it is evidence that how the photographs can be applied as a historical source in the Ottoman state is more viii careful. These photo albums served as an effective method of representing many different forms of the past and modernity of the two countries, helping to reflect the nineteenth- century image of these two states and to rapidly increase photography in the policies of the two great states. These photo albums, which play a major role in the state's imagination and self-representation projects, have a strong influence thanks to the executives' desire to obtain information and the exchange of gifts, and their connection with reality. Collecting photos, making or order to make albums means saving up the world. Through these photo albums, Osmanlı and Kaçar have collected and presented the Iranian and Ottoman world together.