Huzurevinde Yaşayan Yaşlılarda Beslenme Durumunun Taranması: Tarama Testleri Kıyaslaması

Abstract

This study was carried out at Izzet Baysal Elderly Home and Rehabilitation Centre, on a total of 79 elderly subjects, 53 men (67%) and 26 women (33%), with a purpose to determine the nutritional statuses of the elderly using four different nutritional screening tools, to make the comparisons of tools and to diagnose and define the malnutrition statuses. A questionnaire was applied to determine the general characteristics, health situation and nutritional habits of elderly. The actual daily intakes were compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, mid-upper-arm circumference- MUAC), waist, hip and calf circumferences, and hand-grip strength were assessed. Nutritional status was determined and evaluated by using nutritional screening tests (Nutritional Screening Index-NSI, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool-MUST, Mini Nutritional Assessment-MNA and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index-GNRI). Mean age and BMI for men and women were 75±8.0 years, 27.60±4.9 kg/m2 and 81±7.2 years, 29.93±5.3 kg/m2 respectively. The percentage of the obese (BMI:≥30.00 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI:25.0-29.9 kg/m2) men and women were 46.2%, 34.6% and 26.4%, 41.5%, respectively. The mean energy intakes of men was 2037.5±384.7 kcal. and women 1735.6±341.8 kcal. According to RDA, both gender had low intakes of vitamin C, total folic acid, calcium and magnesium; addittionaly women had low intake of fiber. Both gender had high intakes of carbonhydrate, vitamin E, vitmin B12, niacine, phosphorus; additionaly men have high intake of iron. The nutritional status with respect to the screening tests were as follows. With NSI, 71% of the elderly had low risk, 27,8% medium risk, and 1.2% had high risk of malnutrition and the difference was found statistically significant between gender (p<0.05). With MUST 98.7% had low risk, 1.3% had medium risk, with the MNA 72.2% had low risk, 24.0% had medium risk and 3.8% had malnutrition. With GNRI it was determined that 90% had no risk, and 10% had low risk of malnutrition and the difference was found to be significant between gender p<0.05). For men, MNA was significantly correlated with weight, BMI, calf circumference and albumin; GNRI was significantly correlated with MUAC and albumin level (p<0.05). For women GNRI was significantly correlated with albumin (p<0.05). In conclusion, depending on the facilities and living conditions, such as; living at elderly house, hospitalized or living at home, different nutrition screening tools could be chosen and used regularly for screening malnutrition. So that it would be possible to take measures to eliminate or reduce the associated risks of malnutrition.