Premenstrual Sendromda Beslenme Durumu ve Yeme Tutumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the role of diet in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to determine nutritional status, food preference, eating attitude and also parameters related to diet such as anthropometric measurements and bone mineral density in participants with PMS and without PMS. Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) was used to determine the status of PMS on 383 high school students, aged 13-19 and prevalance of PMS was found to be 55.9%. According to PMSS subscales, 88.8% of students with PMS had depressive feelings, 53.7% had anxiety, 93.5 % had fatigue, 91.% had irritability, 77.1% had depressive thoughts, 76.6% had pain, 74.8% had changes in appetite, 73.8 % had changes in sleeping habits, 52.3 % had swelling. Vigorous activity level was more common in people without PMS than people with PMS, while most of participicants had moderate activity level (p>0.05). Dysmenorrhea was seen in 79% of people with PMS and 69.2% of people without PMS (p<0.05). Increased appetitite according to people’s own decision was reported in 88.3% of people with PMS, and 78% in people without PMS (p<0.05). The desire of sweet foods had the most common in the desires of different taste in both of groups (p<0.05). There was a positively strong relation between severity of PMS and percent of energy from fat. Intake of saturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid, cholesterol and saccharose were higher level in PMS group than the others (p>0.05). Dietary glycemic index was in high level in 68.5% of people with PMS and 64.0% people without PMS (p>0.05). In people with PMS, thiamine, vitamin E, vitamin D and vitamin C, magnesium, copper, manganese intakes were higher; vitamin A and K, niacin, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12 and sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, chlor, iron and zinc intakes were lower than the others (p>0.05). The percent of energy from fat was significantly different in premenstrual and menstrual period in both of groups (p<0.05). While carbohydrate intake was not different in premenstrual and menstrual period in PMS group (p>0.05), there was a significant difference in group without PMS (p<0.05). Disordered eating was 23.8% in people with PMS and 11.8% in people without PMS (p<0.05). In PMS group, total TFEQ-R18 score, emotional eating behaviour and uncontrolled eating behaviur scores were more than others (p<0.001). Body Mass Index (BMI) values were higher in PMS group (p>0.05). Fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, total mineral mass, bone mineral content were lower; while body fat mass, percent of body fat, obesity degree were higher in PMS group (p>0.05). As seen, PMS is related to nutritional status and eating attitude and having an appropriate nutrition and life style is important to prevent PMS symptoms. Further studies are needed to be examined of this situation in detail.