Infantile Hemangioma

Abstract

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor of infantile period. It appears few weeks after birth, grows rapidly in the first 4-6 months. Subsequently, growth stops and involution period which lasts about few years starts. It is more common in girls, premature infants, birthweight < 1500 gr, multiple gestations and Caucasians. Pathogenesis is not clearly known, however role of fetal hypoxic stres is considered. IH is a self-resolving benign lesion, yet in some localisations it may threaten organ function. Periorbital IH may cause ambylopia, astigmatism and strabismus. IH localised to beard area can lead to airway obstruction. Large facial IH can be a component of PHACE syndrome. Mid line lumbosacral IH can be associated with spinal dysraphism. Other complications of IH include ulceration, heart failure, hypothyroidism, cosmetic dysfiguration. Treatment is indicated in ulcerated lesions, life/function threatening situations and lesions that can cause cosmetic nuissance. Corticosteroids, propranolol, interferon, vincristin, laser and surgery are used for this purpose. (Turkderm 2011; 45 Suppl 2: 133-7)