Çevre Hakkı Çerçevesinde İran’ın Urmiye Gölü’ndeki Uygulamaları
Özet
Nowadays, the right to environment is accepted as a human right, completing its rapid
development within the rigths in the third generation. In addition, if looked at the
qualification of the environmental problems, it is extensively accepted that these
problems have exceeded the national boundaries. For this reason, the right to environment
is not only the topic of national law, but also the topic of international law.
Urmia Lake, located in the South Azerbaijan Region of Iran, have been facing
environmental problems for the last 50 years. The studies on this subject generally focus
on the causes and solutions of the water level change. The absence of effective watershed
management, climate change and the interventions of the state are the general reasons
why Urmia Lake is dried up. The dams built on the rivers flowing to the lake, the road
construction that divides the lake into two and the projects planned in accordance with
the self-sufficiency policy in agriculture are the most important reasons for the lake to
come to its present situation. Although the effects of state interventions are clearly stated
in the studies about the lake, Iran does not take the necessary and effective steps to prevent
the lake from drying out. The case of the Aral Lake, which has experienced a similar
catastrophe, is an example of Urmia Lake and its surrounding ecosystem.
The sources of international environmental law aiming to protect the right to environment
are the principles that form the basis of the treaties and the agreements signed. Within the
scope of these principles and agreements, implementations of Iran in Urmia Lake will be
examined and the violations of Iran about the right to environment will be determined.
