Abstract
ABSTRACT
CHALIGAVA, Natia. E-Government Implementation in Public Administration of Georgia, MASTER Thesis, Ankara, 2018.
The purpose of this research is the evaluation of e-Government process in Georgia and assessment of its contributions to public administration. Accordingly the first part of this thesis examines the subjects are as following: general structure of public administration in Georgia, historical development process of Georgia public administration system, the new legal order based on the admission of the Constitution, current political and administration structure. The second part of this study investigates conceptual dimensions of e-government implementation with a literature study on e-government model which is a unique part of information society. The third part of this study evaluates e-government implementations in the four countries which are the top ones according to the Electronic Government Development Index and the performance of e-government policies in Georgia public administration. In the last part of this thesis, by conducting a field study it was endeavored to evaluate current situation of e-government implementation process of e-government policies in Georgia public administration and to investigate the contributions this process makes to Georgia public administration.
Regarding to the results of the field research it can be mentioned that e-government implementation make important contributions to Georgia public administration. Resting on the findings of both literature review and filed study, it was conducted that the general approach of Georgia towered the implementation of e-government can be evaluated successfully. Georgia government is determined to create an effective e-government with a healthy information infrastructure. In this framework, necessary public policies and regulations were formed for establishing this infrastructure. In conclusion it can be mentioned that Georgia government is enthusiastic and determined to transfer all public services to the electronic environment.
xmlui.mirage2.itemSummaryView.Collections
xmlui.dri2xhtml.METS-1.0.item-citation
REFERENCES
Abel, O. C. (2018). The Systematic Development and Integration of e-services: In the case of Developing Countries. Master’s Thesis, Tallinn University of Technology. IVGM165531.
Administration of Government of Georgia (2015). Georgia’s Public Administration Reform Guide 2020. Tbilisi, Georgia (საქართველოს მთავრობის ადმინისტრაცია (2015). საქართველოს საჯარო მმართველობის რეფორმის გზამკვლევი 2020. თბილისი, საქართველო).
Administration of the Government of Georgia. (2015). Reform in Georgia.
Al-Hashmi, A. and Darem, A. B. (2004). Understanding Phases of E-government Project. Emerging Technologies in E-Government pp. 152-157.
Alshehri, M. and Drew, S. (2010). E-Government Fundamentals. IADIS International Conference ICT, Society and Human Beings.ISBN: 978-972-8939-20-5.
Amperingem, R.A. (2014). Georgian Civil Service Classification Scheme. USAID from the American People.
Antelava, I. Bendianishvili, A. Gafrindashvili, M. Baritianski, A. Orjonikidze, E. Bendianishvili, AL. Ioseliani, A. Bendianishvili, A. (1905). საქართველოს ისტორიის ნარკვევები, ტომი 5. გამომცემლობა „საბჭოთა საქართველო“ თბილისი, მარჯანიშვილის 5.
Apak, D. (2004). E-government applications and metodologies: Turkey on the e-government way. STPS – WP – 0507.
Ashortia, T. & Elizbarashvili, T. (2014). About the Constitution – Guideline for Teachers. Ilia State University, Tbilisi.
Assessment of the Georgian Judical System (2016). Transparency International Georgia.
Avalishvili, L & Janjghava, C (2011). Monitoring of the Informational (Internet) Resources of the Public Authorities of Georgia. Institute for development of freedom of information, Tbilisi.
Backus, M. (2001). E-Government and Developing Countries: Introduction and examples. Research Report No3.
Bakradze, G. (2012) Regulation of the Parliament of Georgia. No: 6533-Iს.(ბაქრაძე, დ. (2012). საქართველოს პარლამენტის რეგლამენტი No: 6533-Iს.)
Baskerville, R. L. (1999). Investigating Information Systems with Action Research. Georgia State University, pp.5
Bertot, J.C. Jaeger, P.T. and CcClure, C.R. (2008). Citizen-centered E-Government Services: Benefits, Costs and Research Needs. The Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference.
Brown, M. M. (2007). Understanding E-Government Benefits: An Examination of Leading-edge Local Governments. The American Review of public Administration, Volume 37-2, pp. 178-197.
Buchanani, L. (2014). Democratic Governance in Georgia. Capacity Development and Stable Training and Report for Consultant’s assessment and Recommendations (დემოკრატიული მმართველობა საქართველოში. შესაძლებლობის განვითარება და სტაბილური ტრენინგი კონსულტანტების შეფასების ანგარიშია. რეკომენდაციები).
Burgess, S. & Houghton, J. (2006). E-government in Australia. pp.84-101.
Center for Democracy & Technology (2002). The E-Government Handbook for Developing Countries. A Project of InfoDev and the Center for Democracy and Technology.
Chung, C.S. (2015). The Introduction of e-government in Korea: Development Journey, Outcomes and Future. Revue Gestion et Management Public. Vol.3, n 4. Juin/Juillet.
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2003). The Role of E-Government for Europe's Future. Commission of the European Communities. SEC(2003) 1038.
Constitutional Law of Georgia on the Status of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara. Constitutional Law of Georgia No 4134 of 27 December 2006 - LHG I, No 3, 11.1.2007, Art. 45.
Data Exchange Agency. http://dea.gov.ge
Decree of the Government of Georgia № 181. (2014). On the Approval of the Charter of the Legal Entity of Public Law (LEPL) – Civil Service Bureau.
Dunleavy, P & Margetts, H. (2010). The Second Wave of Digital Era Governance. In: American Political Science Association Conference, Washingot DC, USA.
Ebrahim, Z. Irani, Z. Shawi, S. (2004). A strategic framwork for e-government adoption in public sector organisations. Association for information systems, Americas conference on information systems, pp. 1115-1125
E-Government Factsheets (2014). E-Government in the United Kingdom. Edition 16.0
Emperingham, R.A. (2014). Legal Entities of Public Law and Civil Service Consultancy Assessment Report and Recommendations. Good governance in Georgia (G3) program, USAID.
European Union (2015). E-government in Denmark. Edition 17.0
Fang, Z. (2002). E-Government in Digital Era: Concept, Practice, and Development. International Journal of The Computer, The Internet and Management, Vol. 10, No.2, 2002, p 1-22.
Fath-allah, A. Cheikhi, L. Al-Qutaish, R. E. and Idri, A. (2014). E-Government Maturity Models: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA), Vol.5, No.3, pp. 71-91.
Field, T. Muller, E. Lau, E. Gadriot-Renard, H. and Vergez, C. (2003). The Case for E-Government: Excerpts from the OECD Report “The E-Government Imperative”. OECD JOURNAL ON BUDGETING – Vol. 3,pp.60-131.
Foresti, M. Welton G. & Jijelava, D. (2010). Review of International Assistance to Political Party and Part System Development. Case Study Report: Georgia.
Gabedava, M. (2006). Division of Authority in Georgia. Transparency international Georgia.
Georgian National Communication Commission. “Annual Report 2016” (2016). [in Georgian]. http://gncc.ge/uploads/ other/1/1976.pdf.
Gilbert, D. Balestrini, P. and Littleboy, D. (2004). Barriers and Benefits in the Adoption of E-Government. International Journal of Public Sector Management, volume 17, issue 4, pp. 286-301.
Godoladze, K. (2014). Constitutional Changes in Georgia: Political and Legal Aspects. Humanities and Social Sciences Review, Ilia State University, Georgia. ISSN: 2165-6258 :: 2(3):443-460 (2013).
Gogidze, L. & Gzirishvili, T. (2017). Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM): Georgia Progress Report 2016-2017. Open Government Partnership.
Goings, D. Vanjani, M.B. Goings, C.A. (2005). Status of E-Government in Georgia. Communications of the IIMA: Vol. 5: Iss. 4, Article 4.
Goletiani, K. (2018). Open Government Partnership (OGP) through the citizens lens – why do we need OGP more than we think? Georgian Institute of Politics, july 2018 / Issues #28.
Goletiani, K. (2018). Open Government Partnership (OGP) Through the Citizens’ Lens – Why Do We Need OGP More Than We Think? Georgian Institute of politics.
Government of Georgia, (2014). On the Approval of the Civil Service Reform Concept and Some Other Related Measures. Decree № 627, Tbilisi.
Haldenwang, C. (2003). E-government – an approach to state reform in developing countries. German Development Institute, Briefing Paper (1/2013).
Haligan, j. & Moore, T. (2005). E-government in Australia: The Challenges of Moving to Integrated Services. University of Canberra.
Hiller, J. S. and Belanger, F. (2001). Privacy Strategies for Electronic Government. The PricewaterhouseCoopers Endowment for The Business of Government, E-government Series.
IDFI, (2012). E-Governance and E-Transparency-International Tendencies and Georgia.https://idfi.ge/public/migrated/uploadedFiles/files/Chapter%20II%20eng.pdf pp.41-53
IDFI. (2011). E-Governance and E-Transparency-International Tendencies and Georgia.https://idfi.ge/public/migrated/uploadedFiles/files/Chapter%20I%20eng.pdf pp. 22-35
Inkeles, A. (1950). Social stratification and Mobility in the Soviet Union: 1940-1950. American Sociological Review, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Aug., 1950), pp. 465-479.
Institute for Development of Freedom of Information (IDFI). (2017). Strategy for Increasing the Transparency and Integrity of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia (2017-2020). Tbilisi.
Institutions for development of freedom of information. (2010). Monitoring of the informational resources of the public authorities of Georgia. Electronic Transparency in Georgia.
International Telecommunication Union, “Percentage of individuals using the Internet 2000-2017”. http://bit.ly/1cblxxY
IPM Research (2016). დემოკრატიული მმართველობის ინიციატივა, ელ-მზაობის კვლევა საქართველოში (Democratic Governance Initiative, e-Readiness research in Georgia). USAID.
ITU. (2008). Electronic Government for Developing Countries. www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/app/egov.html, P. 9, Retrieved 2016-02-22
Jayashree, S. and Marthandan, G. (2010). Government to E-government to E-society. Journal of Applied Sciences 10 (19): 2205-2210, 2010.
Juurikas, K. (2015). Usage of Estonian Public e-services amongst young people. Haaga-Helia – University of Applied Sciences.
Kakhiani, G. (2008). Institution of Constitutional Control and its Functional Problems in Georgia: legislation and practice analysis. Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State university, Doctoral thesis (კახიანი, გ. (2008). საკონსტიტუციო კონტროლის ინსტიტუტი და მისი ფუნქციონირების პრობლემები საქართველოში: კანონმდებლობის და პრაქტიკის ანალიზი. ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი, სადოქტორი ნაშრომი).
Kapanadze, A. (2010). The Constitution – Making Politics in Georgia. Central European University, Department of Political Science, Budapest, Hungary.
Kekelidze, K. (2017). Central and Local Official Order in Medieval Georgia. National Center of Manuscripts (Encyclopedic Dictionary).
Khetsuriani, J. (2008). Forms of State Government in Georgia. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, 2008.
Kikutadze, V. (2015). New Public Management (NPM) Paradigm in Georgia. Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia. European Scientific Journal December 2015 /SPECIAL/ edition Vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e – ISSN 1857 – 7431.
Kim, H. J., G. Pan, S.L. Pan. (2007).“Managinf IT-Enabled Transformation in the Public Sector: A Case Study on e-Government in South Korea.” Government Information Quarterly. Volume 24-2, pp. 338-52.
Krabina, B. Liu, P. W. Meyerhoff-Nielsen, M. Millard, J. Reichstadter, P. Wimmer, M. A. (2018). A Digital Georgia, e-Georgia strategy and action plan 2014-2018. TWINNING.
Krabina, B., Liu, P.W., Nielsen, M. M., Millard, J., Reichstädter, P.P. and Wimmer, M. A. (2013). A Digital Georgia, e-Georgia strategy and action plan 2014-2018. http://www.dea.gov.ge/uploads/eGeorgia%20Strategy.pdf, pp. 2-98.
Laanpere, M. (2005). Tiger Leap in Georgia: Master Plan for Computerisation of Georgian Schools.
Lee, Y. B. (2011). Modularization of Korea’s Development Experience: The Introduction of e-Government in Korea. Seoul: KDI School of Public Policy and Management, 138.
Lokhishvili, N. & Mjavanadze, Z. (2015). Local Self-Governance in Georgia 1991-2014. International Central for Civil Culture (ლოხიშვილი, ნ. & მჟავანაძე, ზ. (2015). ადგილობრივი თვითმართველობა საქართველოში 1991 – 2014. სამოქალაქო კულტურის საერთაშორისო ცენტრი).
Losaberidze, D. Kandelaki, K. & Orvelishvili, N. (2000). Local Government in Georgia. Local Governments in Eastern Europe, in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Chapter 5.
Maglakelidze, T. (2016). Georgian ID card and its relation to the e-Governance and citizen awareness. Master’s Thesis, Tallinn University of Technology.
Margetts, H. & Dunleavy, P. (1969). Cultural Barriers to E-Government. Academic Article in Support of Better Public Services Through E-Government.
Margvelashvili, G. (2014). Organic Law of Georgia, Local Self-Government Code.
Margvelashvili, G. (2015). Law of Georgia on Official Language. Kutaisi, No 4084-რს.
Margvelashvili, G. (2015). Law of Georgia on Public Service. Saqartvelos Parlamentis Utskebani, Kutaisi.
Margvelashvili, G. (2015). საქართველოს კანონი საჯარო სამსახურის შესახებ (Law of Georgia on Public Service). Saqartvelos Parlamentis Utskebani, Tbilisi.
Maxwell, B.W. (1932). Civil Service in Soviet Russia. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Apr.,1932), pp. 318-324.
MOGAHA (Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs). (2015). E-Government of Korea Best Practices.
Muller, E. Lau, E. Gadriot-Renard, H. and Vergez, Christian. (2003). The Case for E-Government: Excerpts from the OECD Report “the E-Government Imperative”. OECD Journal on Budgeting – Vol. 3, No 1 – ISSN 1608-7143.
Nadiradze, A. & Chikhladze, G. (2015). An Assessment of Civil Service Reform in Georgia: Human Resource Management Policies and Asset Declarations. Transparency international Georgia, Tbilisi.
Nadiradze, A. & Chikhladze, G. (2015). Assessment of Public Service Reform: Personal Policy and Asset Declarations. Transparency International Georgia (ნადირაძე, ა. & ჩიხლაძე, გ. (2015). საჯარო სამსახურის რეფორმის შეფასება: საკადრო პოლიტიკა და ქონებრივი დეკლარაციები. საერთაშორისო გამჭვირვალობა საქართველო.).
Nielsen, M. M. & Yasuoka, M. (2014). An analysis of the Danish approach to eGovernment benefit realization.
Nodia, G. (2006). The Political Landscape of Georgia. Political parties:Achievements, Challenges and Prospects. 2006 IMD, ODIHR, CIPDD.
Nodia, G. Jmukhadze N. Gogava, K. Revishvili, I. & Kelberashvili, D. (2016). 25 Years of Independent Georgia – Achievements and Unfinished Projects. Konrad – Adenauer - Stiftung e.V 2016. ISBN 978-9941-18-251-8.
Ntulo, G. and Otike, J (2013). E-Government: Its Role, Importance and Challenges. School of Information Sciences, Moi University Eldoret, Kenya.
Ochorishvili, M. & Qantaria, G. (2014). Constitution and Democracy. Ilia State university School of Law (ოჭორიშვილი, მ. & ქანთარია, გ. (2014). კონსტიტუცია და დემოკრატია. ილიას სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის სამართლის სკოლა).
Official Journal of the European Union, (2014). Non-legislative Acts. English Edition, L 261, Volume 57.
Palvia, S. C. J. and Sharma, S. S. (2004). E-Government and E-Governance: Definitions/Domain Framework and Status around the world. Foundations of E-government.
Papuashvili, G. (2012). The 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia: Looking Back After Ninety Years. European Public Law 18, no. 2 (2012): 323-350. Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.
Park, C.-G., Suh, S.-C. (2011). A Study on Efficient Implementation of the e-Government in the Developing Countries. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, vol. 12-9, pp. 4169-4182.
Pfiffner, J. P. (2004). Traditional Public Administration versus the New Public Management: Accountability versus Efficiency. Institutionenbildung in Regierung und Verwaltung: Festschrift fur Klaus Konig, Institutionenbildung in Regierung und Verwaltung: Festschrift fur Klaus Konig, pp. 443-454.
Reichstädter, P., Höchtl, J., and Zwattendorfer, B. (2004). Georgian Interoperability Framework (GIF) for Georgian public services. pp. 13-26
Resolution of the Government of Georgia No: 54(2013) (საქართველოს მთავრობის დადგენილება No:54. (2013)).
Riccucci, N. M. (2003). Reinventing Government. Annual Review of Public Science.
Saakashvili, M. (2004). Georgian Law on Structure, Authority and Rules of the Government of Georgia (სააკაშვილი, მ. (2004). საქართველოს კანონი საქართველოს მთავრობის სტრუქტურის, უფლებამოსილებისა და საქმიანობის წესის შესახებ).
Saakashvili, M. (2004). The Law of Georgia on the Structure, Authority and Rules of Operation of the Government of Georgia.
Saakashvili, M. (2008). Law of Georgia on Electronic Signatures and Electronic Documents. Tbilisi, No 5927-IS.
Sabo, B. and Derosa, T. (2012). Transparency in the Public Sector: Its Importance and How Oracle Supports Governments Efforts. An Oracle White Paper.
Scholl, H. J. (2018). E-government. University of Washington, Seattle.
Seifert, J. W. and Chung, J. (2009). Using E-government to Reinforce Government – Citizen Relationships. Comparing Government Reform in United States and China. Social Science Computer Review, Volume 27-1, pp.3-23.
Seifert, J.W. (2003). A Primer on E-Government: Sectors, Stages, Opportunities and Challenges of Online Governance. Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. Order Code RL31057.
Shevardnadze, E. (1997). Law of Georgia on Civil Service. Saqartvelos Parlamentis Utskebani, Tbilisi.
Shevardnadze, E. (1997). Law of Georgia on Public Service. No 1022 – IS.
Shevardnadze, E. (1997). Law of Georgia on Public Service. Saqartvelos Parlamentis Utskebani, Tbilisi.
Shevardnadze, E. (1999). Law of Georgia on Legal Entities Under Public Law. No2052-IIS
Shevardnadze, E. (1999). The General Administrative Code of Georgia. As amended on September 9, 1999, under the Law of Georgia No. 2372-IS.
Shundi, A. & Mikelsons, M. (2014). Good Governance in Georgia (G3) Program. Functional review of the civil service bureau in Georgia, Consultancy assessment report and recommendations. (USAID).
Song, H. J., and T.Cho.(2009). ”E-Government of Korea: Achievements and Tasks.” Informatization Policy. Volume 14-4, pp. 20-37.
Starr, S. F. (1988). Soviet Union: A Civil Society. Foreign Policy, No. 70 (Spring, 1988), pp. 26-41.
Streiner, D. (2003). Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J Pers Assess. 2003;80(1):99-103. DOI:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
Support public Administration Reform in Georgia, (2017). Public Servants Research, Tbilisi (საჯარო მმართველობის რეფორმის მხარდაჭერა საქართველოში, (2017). საჯარო მოხელეთა კვლევა, თბილისი).
Sustainability of the Judicial System, (2016). Transparency International Georgia (სასამართლო სისტემის მდგრადობა, (2016). საერთაშორისო გამჭვირვალობა საქართველო).
Tech, T. (2016). E-Readiness Survey in Georgia, National Research. Democratic Governance Initiative (ელ მზაობის კვლევა საქართველოში, ეროვნული კვლევა. დემოკრატიული მმართველობის ინიციატივა).
The Constitution of Georgia. Adopted on 24.08.1995. Changes and Amendments: 07/01/2004 N 306 – rs.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (2016). Doing Bussiness Georgia. A World Bank Group Flagship Report 13th Edition.
Tolbert, C. J. and Mossberger, K. (2006). The Effects of E-government on Trust and Confidence in Government. Public Administration Review. pp. 354-369.
Transparency International Georgia. “Security Officers (ODRs) - existing malpractice,” (2014). http://www. transparency.ge/en/node/4693
Tsikhelashvili, K. Shergelashvili, T. and Tokmazishvili, M. (2012). The Economic Transformation of Georgia in its 20 Years of Independence. European Initiative – Liberal Academy Tbilisi.
U.S. Access Board (2015). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Standards and Guidelines. Notice of proposed rulemaking, 36 CFR parts 1193 and 1194 RIN 3014-AA37.
United Nations (2004). Global E-Government Readiness Report: Towards Access for Opportunity. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Division for Public Administration and Development Management - UNPAN/2004/11.
United Nations E-government Survey (2010). Leveraging e-government at a time of financial and economic crisis. Economic and Social Affairs.
United Nations E-Government Survey (2012). E-Government for the People. Economic & Social Affairs.
United Nations e-government survey (2014). E-government for the future we want. Department of economic and social effairs.
United Nations E-Government Survey (2016). E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development. United Nations, New York, 2016.
United Nations E-Government Survey (2016). E-Government in support of sustainable development. Department of economic and social affairs.
United Nations E-Government Survey (2018). Gearing e-government to support transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies. Economic & Social Affairs.
United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. World e-government rankings.
United Nations. (2004). UN Global E-Government Readiness Report. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Public Administration and Development Management.
West, D. M. (2007). Global E-Government. Center for Public Policy, Brown University.
West, D.M. (2004). E-Government and the Transformation of Service Delivery and Citizen Attitudes. Public Administration Review • January/February 2004, Vol. 64, No. 1
West, D.M. (2008). State and Federal Electronic Government in the United States.
Wirtz, B. W. and Daiser, P. (2015). E-Government: Strategy Process Instruments. Textbook for the Digital Society.
Yildiz, M. (2007). E-Government research: Reviewing the Literature, Limitations and ways forward. Government Information Quarterly 24 (2007) 646–665.
Yong J. SL. and Koon, L. H. (2003). E-Government: Enabling Public Sector Reform. E-Government in Asia.
Zharkeshov, Y. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Institutional Reforms and Human Resource Capacities of Public Administrations in Post-Soviet Countries. International journal of civil service reform & practice #4 DEC. 2014. pp. 114-153.
Zheng, Y. Hatakka, M. Sahay, S. & Andersson, A. (2017). Conceptualizing Development in Information and Communication Technology for Development. Information technology for development, 2018 vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1 -14.