Kazakistan ve Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Sosyal Politikaların Değerlendirmesi (1991-2021)

Abstract

Social policies for women are based on human rights in national and international law. The legal gains of women continued, especially in the 20th century. However, there are differences between countries in the implementation processes of these gains. In this respect, examining the social policies towards women in Kazakhstan and Turkey gains importance in terms of comparing the two countries with the same socio-cultural structure. In terms of women's social policies, the post-independence period in Kazakhstan and the post-1990 period in Turkey are reviewed. The fact that Kazakhstan and Turkey have similar cultural values is important for evaluating the economic, social and political effects of social policies towards women on women. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate Turkey and Kazakhstan in terms of social policies related to women. The issue that should be taken into consideration in the comparison of the two countries is that Turkey, which has adopted a liberal policy after the 1950s, has fully adopted neoliberal policies, especially since the 1980s, while the transition of Kazakhstan, which was in the communist bloc before independence, to the liberal economic model began in the 2000s. happening together. In this respect, in the comparison of Kazakhstan and Turkey, the women's policies of the two countries, which have different economic models, after the 2000s, together with the neoliberal model, were evaluated. In the research, social policies related to women in Kazakhstan and Turkey were discussed and policy practices in both countries were evaluated. For this, first of all, legal regulations and institutional structuring regarding social policies related to women were taken into account. In the first part of the research, the general evaluation of the political, social and economic structure of Kazakhstan, and in the second part, the general evaluation of the political, social and economic structure of Turkey was made. In the third chapter, the place of women in the social life in Kazakhstan is explained in two sub-sections as before and after the independence of Kazakhstan. In the fourth chapter, social policies towards women in Turkey are included. In the fifth chapter, the comparison of the social policies of the two countries regarding women was made using international indices reflecting gender equality. In the sixth and last section, there are evaluations about the comparisons made according to international indices. It has been concluded that in all indices used in the study, Kazakhstan ranks higher than Turkey. Especially in Kazakhstan, the place of women in business life and education has been decisive.