Berlin Büyükelçisi Kemalettin Sami Paşa'nın Raporlarından Weimar Cumhuriyetine Bakmak (1925-1933)

Abstract

The Republic of Turkey is the result of nearly four years of the independence struggle against the victorious states of the Ottoman Empire Anatolian lands after the end of the First World War in 1918. On July 24, 1923, Turkey introduced itself to the world as a fully independent state with the Lausanne Peace Treaty. The Republic emerged despite many internal and external problems. She was going through a painful birth. Inside and outside, an image from the Ottoman Empire had to be corrected, as well as riots and economic hardships. The Republic of Turkey, which gave birth to political, economic, and sociological trauma, had a historical mission: to create a democratic society integrated into the West, fully independent of Anatolian lands. Undoubtedly, the Republic represented Western values for Mustafa Kemal and his friends; Although the struggle for independence was fought against the West, Mustafa Kemal worked for a fully independent nation-state in accordance with the European model. For these reasons, diplomatic contacts with the Western world were vital. In 1914, relations with the West, which was suspended with the start of the First World War, entered a new era with the proclamation of the Republic; From 1924, the Republic of Turkey began appointing ambassadors to Europe's critical capitals such as London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, and Rome. Accordingly, Sinop MP and Retired General Kemalettin Sami Pasha was appointed to Berlin. The Weimar Republic, which was proclaimed after the dissolution of the German Empire after the First World War, was undoubtedly among the states of great importance to Turkey. Kemalettin Sami Pasha, who was appointed ambassador to Berlin, was tasked with following the new republic and preparing reports on it. The Weimar Republic was a brand-new experiment in democracy for Germany, which hosted elections that would decide Europe's fate in the future. It was the last exit for the Germans before the Nazis, but they failed in this experiment. For these reasons, Kemalettin Sami Pasha's role as Ambassador to Berlin was very critical. During his tenure, Kemalettin Sami Pasha met with many politicians who sealed the fate of Europe and reported their views to the Turkish Foreign Ministry. Thanks to the Ambassador to Berlin, the Republic of Turkey has learned firsthand about the unstable administrations, economic crises, and impending Nazi danger in Germany.