Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Osmanlı Devleti’nin Savaştığı Avrupa Cepheleri Üzerine Mukayeseli Bir İnceleme

Abstract

The subject of the study; The aim is to examine the importance of the Galicia, Romania and Macedonian Fronts, where the Ottoman Empire fought in Europe in the First World War, by comparing them with other fronts of the Ottoman Empire. Purpose of the study; It is a complete accounting with numerical data of the Ottoman Empire’s sending of troops to the European fronts to reinforce its allies, which is almost never mentioned in foreign sources and has not been fully examined and evaluated collectively and in depth in domestic sources. While the work is being done; primarily documents from the First World War Collection at the T.R. Presidency State Archives, published documents on this subject, the Memorandums of the Assembly of Deputies and Members of the Assembly, primary sources on the subject and other domestic and foreign literature have been used. The subject is discussed in three parts. In the first part; The management of the war, the striking issues in the battles on the fronts opened in the Ottoman Empire’s own territory, how the war was managed in this process and the relations with the allies were emphasized. In the second part; The situation of the European Fronts until the troops were sent, the process of making the decision to send them and the subsequent dispatch of the troops; The organizational and logistical situations of the units in question are revealed. In the third part; The place of the units sent within the allied armies and their command-command connection status, the operations of the units on the European fronts, the dispatch and management of the allies during the operation, the return and fate of the units were examined. In this section, evaluations were also made if the troops had not been placed and sent within the Ottoman army and how their alternative usage situations might have been on the European and Ottoman fronts, according to various situations. As a result of the study; The contribution of sending troops to Europe to the allies, the benefits it provided to the Ottoman Empire and the troops sent to, what it cost the Ottoman Empire; Within the framework of numerical comparisons, conclusions were reached about the importance of the troops sent to the allied forces and the Ottoman army. In addition, the reason why the troops were persistently sent to the European fronts and why they were recalled after a short time without any results; The total number and casualties of the troops sent, and the influence of the Ottoman administration on the management of the allied armies were determined. In the study, the operational areas of the troops sent to the European fronts were shown on updated maps in a way that could be understood by everyone, and the old place names in these regions were also updated.