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Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımını Teşvik Yolları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

dc.contributor.advisorBağdadioğlu, Necmiddin
dc.contributor.authorÜlgen, Anıl
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-26T10:19:30Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-01
dc.date.submitted2018-09-05
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dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/5470
dc.description.abstractThe objective of this thesis is to examine the incentive mechanisms that are applied for the renewable energy across selected countries and to put forward a set of suggestions for the future revision of incentive policy, especially in the photovoltaic technology, that will end in 2020 in Turkey. Three members of European Union, Germany, Denmark and Spain, are analysed with a particular emphasis on their successful/unsuccessful incentive applications. China is also analysed due to its noticeable industrial development in the field of renewable energy. The causal comparative method is used to evaluate the success of incentive policy applications and how they are affected by the external conditions. As a result of the research, it is seen that the best progress in technology-based developments is obtained by constantly observing the technological changes and market monitoring along with the fixed price guarantee. Additionally, the promotion of regular and stable policies, transparent administrative processes, good classification of resources and technologies in applications are found to be important. Announcement of medium and long term incentive policies, removal of fossil incentives, shortening the administrative processes and making constructive changes for domestic part production, determining new tenders for the capacity increase are considered as important for the Turkish case.tr_TR
dc.description.tableofcontentsÖZET ............................................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. iii TEŞEKKÜR .................................................................................................................. v İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................................................. vi ÇİZELGELER .............................................................................................................. ix ŞEKİLLER .................................................................................................................... x SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR .................................................................................. xi 1 GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................... 1 2 YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KAYNAKLARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KULLANIMLARI 5 2.1 Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Tanımı, Kullanım Avantajları ve Piyasalara Etkisi 5 2.1.1 Enerji Güvenliği ...................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 CO2 Salımı ve Çevresel Etkiler .............................................................. 11 2.1.3 Ekonomik Gelişim .................................................................................. 12 2.2 Yenilenebilir Enerji Türleri ve Teknolojileri .................................................... 13 2.2.1 Güneş Enerjisi ....................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Rüzgâr Enerjisi ...................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Bioenerji ................................................................................................. 23 2.2.4 Jeotermal Enerji ..................................................................................... 25 2.2.5 Hidrolik Enerji......................................................................................... 26 2.2.6 Okyanus Enerjisi .................................................................................... 27 2.3 Enerji Depolama ........................................................................................... 28 3 YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMININ TEŞVİK YOLLARI ........................... 31 3.1 Neden Teşvik Verilmeli ................................................................................. 31 3.2 Yenilenebilir Enerji Piyasalarının Gelişimi .................................................... 33 3.3 Teşvik Yöntemlerinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ......................................................... 35 3.4 Teşvikler ve Piyasa Etkisi ............................................................................. 37 3.5 Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımı için Geliştiriciler ve Engeller ........................... 38 3.5.1 Geliştirici Etkenler .................................................................................. 39 3.5.2 Engeller ................................................................................................. 41 3.6 Günümüzde Kullanılan Teşvik Yöntemleri .................................................... 44 3.6.1 Düzenleyici Politikalar ............................................................................ 44 3.6.2 Mali Teşvikler ve Kamu Finansmanı ...................................................... 51 3.7 Teşvikler İçin Mali Kaynaklar ........................................................................ 52 3.8 Avrupa Birliği ve Enerji ................................................................................. 53 3.8.1 Genel Görünüm ..................................................................................... 53 3.8.2 Yenilenebilir Enerjiler için Mevcut Durum .............................................. 55 4 SEÇİLMİŞ ÜLKELERDE DURUM ...................................................................... 59 4.1 Almanya ....................................................................................................... 59 4.1.1 Enerji Politikası ve Endüstrisinin Gelişimi .............................................. 59 4.1.2 Mevcut Durum ve Hedefler .................................................................... 64 4.2 İspanya ......................................................................................................... 67 4.2.1 Enerji Politikası ve Endüstrisinin Gelişimi .............................................. 68 4.2.2 Mevcut Durum ve Hedefler .................................................................... 72 4.3 Danimarka .................................................................................................... 74 4.3.1 Enerji Politikası ve Endüstrisinin Gelişimi .............................................. 75 4.3.2 Mevcut Durum ve Hedefler .................................................................... 79 4.4 Çin ................................................................................................................ 82 4.4.1 Enerji Politikası ve Endüstrisinin Gelişimi .............................................. 83 4.4.2 Mevcut Durum ve Hedefler .................................................................... 87 5 TÜRKİYE’DEKİ DURUM VE DİĞER ÜLKELER İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMA ............. 92 5.1 Piyasanın ve Teşvik Mekanizmalarının Tarihsel Gelişimi ............................. 92 5.2 Mevcut Durum ve Hedefler ........................................................................... 98 5.3 AB Müktesebatı ile Karşılaştırma ............................................................... 105 5.4 Seçilmiş Ülkeler ile Karşılaştırma ............................................................... 109 6 SONUÇ ............................................................................................................ 111 7 KAYNAKLAR .................................................................................................... 113tr_TR
dc.language.isoturtr_TR
dc.publisherFen Bilimleri Enstitüsütr_TR
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesstr_TR
dc.subjectYenilenebilir Enerji Düzenleyici Politikaları
dc.subjectMali Teşvikler ve Kamu Finansmanı
dc.subjectFotovoltaik
dc.subjectAvrupa Birliği Müktesebatı
dc.titleYenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımını Teşvik Yolları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirmetr_TR
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesistr_TR
dc.description.ozetBu tezin amacı seçilmiş ülkeler örneğinde yenilenebilir enerjiler için uygulanan teşvik mekanizmalarını inceleyerek Türkiye’nin 2020 yılında bitecek teşvik politikasının yeniden şekillenmesi sürecinde, özellikle fotovoltaik teknolojisine yönelik, dikkate alınabilecek öneriler sunmaktır. Çalışma Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik temelinde ele alındığı için üç Avrupa ülkesi; Almanya, Danimarka ve İspanya incelenmiş uygulamalarındaki süreçler ile başarılı ve başarısız oldukları noktalar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu ülkelere ek olarak yenilenebilir enerji alanındaki dikkat çekici endüstriyel gelişimi nedeniyle Çin de araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada nedensel karşılaştırma metodu kullanılarak hangi teşviklerin diğerlerine göre daha başarılı oldukları ve teşviklerin hangi dış koşullardan nasıl etkilendikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmalar sonucunda teknoloji bazında gelişimlerde en iyi ilerlemenin sabit fiyat garantisi yolu ile birlikte dinamik bir teknoloji ve piyasa gözlemi yapılarak elde edildiği görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan teşviklerin olumlu sonuç verebilmesi için düzenli ve istikrarlı politikaların, şeffaf idari süreçlerin, uygulamalarda kaynak ve teknolojilerin iyi sınıflandırılmasının önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. Türkiye’nin orta ve uzun dönem için teşvik politikalarının açıklanması, yerli aksam üretimi için yapıcı değişiklikler yapması, kapasite artışı için yeni ihaleler belirlemesi, idari süreçlerin kısaltılması ve fosil teşviklerin kaldırılması konularında değişiklikler yapması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.tr_TR
dc.contributor.departmentTemiz Tükenmez Enerjilertr_TR
dc.embargo.termsAcik erisimtr_TR
dc.embargo.lift2018-12-26T10:19:30Z


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