İKİ AŞAMALI TOTAL EKLEM PROTEZİ AMELİYATLARI İÇİN ANTİBİYOTİK YÜKLÜ BOŞLUK DOLDURUCULARIN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Nanotechnological materials and the use of these materials are increasing in all areas as well as biomedical and medicine field. With decreasing the size of material up to nano scales and designing of them, the new ideas has been brought concededly in medical field. One most using and being interested in studies is ‘drug targeting and controlled releasing system ‘.Drug targeting is the attachment of the desired drug to specified structures with ability of the controlled releasing to the desired location such as organ or tissue. Furthermore Controlled releasing system is defined to extended releasing of the drug with efficient intermittent dose in nanostructure medium. Nowadays these kinds of studies is developing very fast with concern of the titration of effective dosage to gain the best treatment results. By developing of drug releasing systems and discovering the new methods the problem solving and new tergnostics studies in medical and biomedical field would be appear furtherer. In this thesis study, elongation of the antibiotic releasing time with conservation of effective dosage which is used in the antibiotic spacer in orthopedics total joint replacement surgeries has been concerned. Nowadays the raw material of making spacers is Polymethyl methacrylate. This Polymer has been known as the bone cement also. This material has been marketed in biomedical field and should be practically prepared during the surgery only with mixing of its monomer and specified antibiotic following of 15 minutes resting in room temperature which results to getting the hard material afterward. Beside of mechanical stability and biologic capability properties of this material, because of lacking porous structure in it the substance releasing procedure would not be sufficient which makes the surgeons to go toward the apply better structural formation in this manner. And its exactly the point that nanotechnologic controlled drug releasing system would found to resolve the problem. In this study Vancomycin which is one of the most useful antibiotics in orthopedics field is loaded on one natural polimer in the name of alginate-kitosan nanoparticle for aim of elongation and reaching to effective releasing dosage intervals in spacers which is used in surgeries in this structure alginate made nucleus is encapsulated with kitosan coat. These drug loaded nanoparticles (which is coated by kitosan) is been achieved by homogenization of drug in to alginate gel following of intruding the drug and drug loaded alginate solvent. Afterward the side of antibiotic loaded spacers as usual is coated with stretched film as its hugging the inside material. At trials steps of study all different combinations of these structure is examined and with optimization of scale is shown together on a graph chart. The final prepared side coated product is left in 37°C of water bath for releasing. Near to these products designed mechanism included with dialyze membrane is adjusted only for measuring amount of release, then the products are returned to 37°C water bath to release monitoring. Zeta-sizer was used for defining the dimension, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for looking to morphologic properties as material characterization studying. FT-IR spectrometry was used for chemical properties determination and MTT method was used for cell viability tests.