Türk İmalat Sanayi Sektörü Performans Analizi: 2009-2014
Özet
The purpose of this study is to perform a performance analysis by calculating and comparing efficiency and productivity values for the sub-sectors of the Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), a non-parametric linear programming approach to calculate efficiency has been applied by using 2014 data. Then, in order to observe the productivity changes between 2009 and 2014, the Malmquist total productivity change index has been used. By finding each sub-sector’s technical efficiency and technology change, the direction of the change in total factor productivity has been determined. The reasons behind the total sector inefficiency have been found out by calculating the decrease or increase in sub-sectors’ efficiency. The value added, which has a large pre-requisite for income and employment for the country's economy, has been addressed as performance indicator. The DEAP 2.1 program, developed by Coelli in 1996, has been used for analyses. A panel data set between 2009 and 2014 for 19 sub-sectors in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry were created by using the data from Turkish Statistical Institute. To determine the input variables used in the DEA, the Ordinary Least Squares Method (OLS) has been applied. The results of the regression revealed the variables that have statistically significant relationship with the value added. Those variables that have a significant relationship with value added were selected as input variables in DEA. Due to the high number of relatively efficient units in the DEA results, Super Efficiency values of the sectors were calculated. The results show that, the manufacture of tobacco products sector is the most relatively efficient unit in the manufacturing sector. Then, the printing sector and the manufacture of paper and paper products sector follow the tobacco sector. The manufacture of food products and beverages sector, the manufacture of plastic and rubber products sector and the manufacture of textile sector have been found as the least efficient sectors. The Malmquist Index results indicate a 4,8 % decline in the Turkish Manufacturing Sector productivity at the end of the 6-year period. Despite the 10,1 % increase in technical efficiency change, a decrease of 13,5 % in the technological change component has seen as the cause of this situation. The change in the productivity index shows an increase in 2012 and 2014, and a decline for the remaining years.