Ekofeminizm Bağlamında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Psikolojisinin Görsel Sanatlardaki Yorumlamaları

Abstract

Presently people waver between trying to exist within the society and abiding by the rules that have to be obeyed in order to keep their living conditions above average. Particularly women have been trying to manage an existential crisis from the past to the present, and they have struggled with different subjects through all these years. Although women have made themselves be heard on many subjects through the rise of Feminism, they have faced a variety of problems with the changing times. When we have a look at the historical timeline, it is possible to see how women have been moulded, stereotyped and judged by certain standards due to historical, mythological and religious teachings. So long as societies have improved and patriarchal rule and religious understanding have gained power, women have been attributed weaker and more passive adjectives under the guise of gender roles, as well as having been expected to stay within the circle that has been drawn for them by the culture in which they live. When they went up against the impositions of culture, they have been marginalized and punished if necessary. Gender roles have been shaped and the requisites of each sex have clinged to them. However, women, especially have not been asked whether they wanted to shoulder the requirements of these roles. When we have a look at most of the societies, it is clear that the primary duty of any woman is to stay at home and take care of her children. For this reason, women have always been associated with nature, and has always been expected to be generous and productive. Against this of course men took a hold of culture and by ruling nature, playing with it, and making changes and settlements and setting limitations upon nature, men have always expected women to obey them. Patriarchal ideology not only wanted to rule nature and women, but also created prejudices regarding untraditional woman-man relationships at the same time. Quir ecology, which draws attention to the fact that heteronormative ideas have infiltrated into the understanding of “nature” and human, rejects the association of “naturality” with “heterosexuality,” and by calling attention to how nature and marginalized social groups both have been usurped throughout history, analyzes heteronormative gender norms from the viewpoint of nature, women and quir communities. This study tackles the issue of women, who live in a heteronormative society and suffer because of cultural impositions that expect her to be a mother and productive. These women, by questioning gender roles and going up against most of them, have dealt with the issue of ecological annihilation and inherent feminine growth through painting.