Basit öğe kaydını göster

dc.contributor.authorStanaway, Jeffrey D.
dc.contributor.authorAfshin, Ashkan
dc.contributor.authorGakidou, Emmanuela
dc.contributor.authorLim, Stephen S.
dc.contributor.authorAbate, Degu
dc.contributor.authorAbate, Kalkidan Hassell
dc.contributor.authorAbbafati, Cristiana
dc.contributor.authorAbbasi, Nooshin
dc.contributor.authorAbbastabar, Hedayat
dc.contributor.authorAbd-Allah, Foad
dc.contributor.authorAbdela, Jemal
dc.contributor.authorAbdelalim, Ahmed
dc.contributor.authorAbdollahpour, Ibrahim
dc.contributor.authorAbdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi
dc.contributor.authorAbebe, Molla
dc.contributor.authorAbebe, Zegeye
dc.contributor.authorAbera, Semaw F.
dc.contributor.authorAbil, Olifan Zewdie
dc.contributor.authorAbraha, Haftom Niguse
dc.contributor.authorAbrham, Aklilu Roba
dc.contributor.authorAbu-Raddad, Laith Jamal
dc.contributor.authorAbu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.
dc.contributor.authorAccrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou
dc.contributor.authorAcharya, Dilaram
dc.contributor.authorAcharya, Pawan
dc.contributor.authorAdamu, Abdu A.
dc.contributor.authorAdane, Akikw Awoke
dc.contributor.authorAdebayo, Oladimeji M.
dc.contributor.authorAdedoyin, Rufus Adesoji
dc.contributor.authorAdekanmbi, Victor
dc.contributor.authorAdemi, Zanfina
dc.contributor.authorAdetokunboh, Olatunji
dc.contributor.authorAdib, Mina G.
dc.contributor.authorAdmasie, Amha
dc.contributor.authorAdsuar, Jose C.
dc.contributor.authorAfanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko
dc.contributor.authorAfarideh, Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorAgarwal, Gina
dc.contributor.authorAggarwal, Anju
dc.contributor.authorAghayan, Sargis Aghast
dc.contributor.authorAgrawal, Anurag
dc.contributor.authorAgrawal, Sutapa
dc.contributor.authorAhmadi, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorAhmadi, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorAhmadieh, Hamid
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Muktar Beshir
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Amani Nidhal
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Ibtihel
dc.contributor.authorAichour, Miloud Taki Eddine
dc.contributor.authorAkbari, Mohammad Esmaeil
dc.contributor.authorAkinyemiju, Tomi
dc.contributor.authorAkseer, Nadia
dc.contributor.authorAl-Aly, Ziyad
dc.contributor.authorAl-Eyadhy, Ayman
dc.contributor.authorAl-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.
dc.contributor.authorAlandab, Fares
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Khurshid
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Samiah
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Tahiya
dc.contributor.authorAlashi, Alaa
dc.contributor.authorAlavian, Seyed Moayed
dc.contributor.authorAlene, Kefyalew Addis
dc.contributor.authorAli, Komal
dc.contributor.authorAli, Syed Mustafa
dc.contributor.authorAlijanzadeh, Mehran
dc.contributor.authorAlizadeh-Navaei, Reza
dc.contributor.authorAljunid, Syed Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorAlkerwi, Ala'a
dc.contributor.authorAlla, Francois
dc.contributor.authorAlsharif, Ubai
dc.contributor.authorAltirkawi, Khalid
dc.contributor.authorAlvis-Guzman, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorAmare, Azmeraw T.
dc.contributor.authorAmmar, Walid
dc.contributor.authorAnber, Nahla Hamed
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Jason A.
dc.contributor.authorAndrei, Catalina Liliana
dc.contributor.authorAndroudi, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorAnimut, Megbaru Debalkie
dc.contributor.authorAnjomshoa, Mina
dc.contributor.authorAnsha, Mustafa Geleto
dc.contributor.authorAnto, Josep M.
dc.contributor.authorAntonio, Carl Abelardo T.
dc.contributor.authorAnwari, Palwasha
dc.contributor.authorAppiah, Lambert Tetteh
dc.contributor.authorAppiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
dc.contributor.authorArabloo, Jalal
dc.contributor.authorAremu, Olatunde
dc.contributor.authorAmlov, Johan
dc.contributor.authorArtaman, Al
dc.contributor.authorAryal, Krishna K.
dc.contributor.authorAsayesh, Hamid
dc.contributor.authorAtaro, Zerihun
dc.contributor.authorAusloos, Marcel
dc.contributor.authorAvokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.
dc.contributor.authorAwasthi, Ashish
dc.contributor.authorQuintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
dc.contributor.authorAyer, Rakesh
dc.contributor.authorAyuk, Tanabe B.
dc.contributor.authorAzzopardi, Peter S.
dc.contributor.authorBabazadeff, Arefeh
dc.contributor.authorBadali, Hamid
dc.contributor.authorBadawi, Alaa
dc.contributor.authorBalakrishnan, Kalpana
dc.contributor.authorBali, Ayele Geleto
dc.contributor.authorBall, Kylie
dc.contributor.authorBellew, Shoshana H.
dc.contributor.authorBanach, Maciej
dc.contributor.authorBanoub, Joseph Adel Mattar
dc.contributor.authorBarac, Aleksandra
dc.contributor.authorBarker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
dc.contributor.authorBamighausen, Till Winfried
dc.contributor.authorBarrero, Lope H.
dc.contributor.authorBasu, Sanjay
dc.contributor.authorBaune, Bernhard T.
dc.contributor.authorBazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
dc.contributor.authorBedi, Neeraj
dc.contributor.authorBeghi, Ettore
dc.contributor.authorBehzadifar, Masoud
dc.contributor.authorBehzadifar, Meysam
dc.contributor.authorBejoy, Yannick
dc.contributor.authorBekele, Bayu Begashaw
dc.contributor.authorBekru, Fyasu Tamru
dc.contributor.authorBelay, Ezra
dc.contributor.authorBelay, Yilhalem Abebe
dc.contributor.authorBell, Michelle L.
dc.contributor.authorBello, Aminu K.
dc.contributor.authorBennett, Derrick A.
dc.contributor.authorBensenor, Isabela M.
dc.contributor.authorBergeron, Gilles
dc.contributor.authorBerhane, Adugnaw
dc.contributor.authorBemabe, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorBemstein, Robert S.
dc.contributor.authorBeuran, Mircea
dc.contributor.authorBeyranvand, Tina
dc.contributor.authorBhala, Neeraj
dc.contributor.authorBhalla, Ashish
dc.contributor.authorBhattarai, Suraj
dc.contributor.authorBhutta, Zulfiqar A.
dc.contributor.authorBiadgo, Belete
dc.contributor.authorBijani, Ali
dc.contributor.authorBikbov, Boris
dc.contributor.authorBilano, Ver
dc.contributor.authorBililign, Nigus
dc.contributor.authorBin Sayeed, Muhamad Shandaat
dc.contributor.authorBisanzio, Donal
dc.contributor.authorBiswas, Tuhin
dc.contributor.authorBjorge, Tone
dc.contributor.authorBlacker, Brigette F.
dc.contributor.authorBleyer, Archie
dc.contributor.authorBorschmann, Rohan
dc.contributor.authorBou-Orm, Ibrahim R.
dc.contributor.authorBoufous, Soufiane
dc.contributor.authorBourne, Rupert
dc.contributor.authorBrady, Oliver J.
dc.contributor.authorBrauer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorBrazinova, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorBreitborde, Nicholas J. K.
dc.contributor.authorBrenner, Hermann
dc.contributor.authorBriko, Andrey Nikolaevich
dc.contributor.authorBritton, Gabrielle
dc.contributor.authorBrugha, Traolach
dc.contributor.authorBuchbindet, Rachelle
dc.contributor.authorBurnett, Richard T.
dc.contributor.authorBusse, Reinhard
dc.contributor.authorButt, Zahid A.
dc.contributor.authorCahill, Leah E.
dc.contributor.authorCahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
dc.contributor.authorCampos-Nonato, Ismael R.
dc.contributor.authorCardenas, Rosario
dc.contributor.authorCarreras, Giulia
dc.contributor.authorCarrero, Juan J.
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Felix
dc.contributor.authorCastaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.authorRivas, Jacqueline Castillo
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Franz
dc.contributor.authorCatala-Lopez, Ferran
dc.contributor.authorCausey, Kate
dc.contributor.authorCercy, Kelly M.
dc.contributor.authorCerin, Ester
dc.contributor.authorChaiah, Yazan
dc.contributor.authorChang, Hying-Ti
dc.contributor.authorChang, Jung-Chen
dc.contributor.authorChang, Kai-Lan
dc.contributor.authorCharlson, Fiona J.
dc.contributor.authorChattopadhyay, Aparajita
dc.contributor.authorChattu, Vijay Kumar
dc.contributor.authorChee, Miao Li
dc.contributor.authorCheng, Ching-Yu
dc.contributor.authorChew, Adrienne
dc.contributor.authorChiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
dc.contributor.authorChimed-Ochir, Odgerel
dc.contributor.authorChin, Ken Lee
dc.contributor.authorChitheer, Abdulaal
dc.contributor.authorChoi, Jee-Young J.
dc.contributor.authorChowdhury, Rajiv
dc.contributor.authorChristensen, Hanne
dc.contributor.authorChristopher, Devasahayam J.
dc.contributor.authorChung, Sheng-Chia
dc.contributor.authorCicuttini, Flavia M.
dc.contributor.authorGrillo, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Aaron J.
dc.contributor.authorCollado-Mateo, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorCooper, Cyrus
dc.contributor.authorCooper, Owen R.
dc.contributor.authorCoresh, Josef
dc.contributor.authorCornaby, Leslie
dc.contributor.authorCortesi, Paolo Angelo
dc.contributor.authorCortinovis, Monica
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Megan
dc.contributor.authorCousin, Ewerton
dc.contributor.authorCriqui, Michael H.
dc.contributor.authorCromwell, Elizabeth A.
dc.contributor.authorCundiff, David K.
dc.contributor.authorDaba, Alenmeh Kabeta
dc.contributor.authorDachew, Berihun Assefa
dc.contributor.authorDadi, Abel Fekadu
dc.contributor.authorDamasceno, Alberti Antonio Moura
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Lalit
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Rakhi
dc.contributor.authorDarby, Sarah C.
dc.contributor.authorDargan, Paul I.
dc.contributor.authorDaryani, Ahmed
dc.contributor.authorDas Gupta, Rajat
dc.contributor.authorDas Neves, Jose
dc.contributor.authorDasa, Tamirat Tesfaye
dc.contributor.authorDash, Aditya Prasad
dc.contributor.authorDavitoiu, Dragos Virgil
dc.contributor.authorDavletov, Kairat
dc.contributor.authorDe la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorDe la Hoz, Fernando Pio
dc.contributor.authorDe Leo, Diego
dc.contributor.authorDe Neve, Jan-Walter
dc.contributor.authorDegenhardt, Louisa
dc.contributor.authorDeiparine, Selina
dc.contributor.authorDellavalle, Robert P.
dc.contributor.authorDemoz, Gebre Teklemariam
dc.contributor.authorDenova-Gutierrez, Edgar
dc.contributor.authorDeribe, Kebede
dc.contributor.authorDervenis, Nikolaos
dc.contributor.authorDeshpande, Aniruddha
dc.contributor.authorJarlais, Don C. Des
dc.contributor.authorDessie, Getenet Ayalew
dc.contributor.authorDeveber, Gabrielle Aline
dc.contributor.authorDey, Subhojit
dc.contributor.authorDharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
dc.contributor.authorDhimal, Meghnath
dc.contributor.authorDinberu, Mesfin Tadese
dc.contributor.authorDing, Eric L.
dc.contributor.authorDiro, Helen Derara
dc.contributor.authorDjalalinia, Shirin
dc.contributor.authorHuyen Phoc Do
dc.contributor.authorDokova, Klara
dc.contributor.authorDoku, David Teye
dc.contributor.authorLa Doyle, Kerrie
dc.contributor.authorDriscoll, Tim R.
dc.contributor.authorDubey, Manisha
dc.contributor.authorDubljanin, Eleonora
dc.contributor.authorDuken, Eyasu Ejeta
dc.contributor.authorDuncan, Bruce B.
dc.contributor.authorDuraes, Andre R.
dc.contributor.authorEbert, Natalie
dc.contributor.authorEbrahimi, Hedyeh
dc.contributor.authorEbrahimpour, Soheil
dc.contributor.authorEdvardsson, David
dc.contributor.authorElfiong, Andem
dc.contributor.authorEggen, Anne Elise
dc.contributor.authorEl Bcheraoui, Charbel
dc.contributor.authorEl-Khatib, Iad
dc.contributor.authorElyazar, Iqbal Rf
dc.contributor.authorEnayati, Ahmadali
dc.contributor.authorEndries, Aman Yesuf
dc.contributor.authorEr, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorErskine, Holly E.
dc.contributor.authorEskandarieh, Sharareh
dc.contributor.authorEsteghamati, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorEstep, Kara
dc.contributor.authorFakhim, Hamed
dc.contributor.authorFaramarzi, Mahbobeh
dc.contributor.authorFareed, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorFarid, Talha A.
dc.contributor.authorFarinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa
dc.contributor.authorFarioli, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorFaro, Andre
dc.contributor.authorFarvid, Maryam S.
dc.contributor.authorFarzaei, Mohammad Hosein
dc.contributor.authorFatima, Batool
dc.contributor.authorFay, Kairsten A.
dc.contributor.authorFazaeli, Ali Akbar
dc.contributor.authorFeigin, Valery L.
dc.contributor.authorFeigl, Andrea B.
dc.contributor.authorFereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Eduarda
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Joao C.
dc.contributor.authorFerrara, Giannina
dc.contributor.authorFerrari, Alize J.
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Manuela L.
dc.contributor.authorFilip, Irina
dc.contributor.authorFinger, Jonas David
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Florian
dc.contributor.authorFoigt, Nataliya A.
dc.contributor.authorForeman, Kyle J.
dc.contributor.authorFukumoto, Takeshi
dc.contributor.authorFullman, Nancy
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorFurtado, Joao M.
dc.contributor.authorFutran, Neal D.
dc.contributor.authorGall, Seana
dc.contributor.authorGallus, Silvan
dc.contributor.authorGamkrelidze, Amiran
dc.contributor.authorGanji, Morsaleh
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
dc.contributor.authorGardner, William Ni
dc.contributor.authorGebre, Abadi Kahsu
dc.contributor.authorGebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
dc.contributor.authorGebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo
dc.contributor.authorGelano, Tilayie Feto
dc.contributor.authorGeleijnse, Johanna M.
dc.contributor.authorGeramo, Yilma Chisha Dea
dc.contributor.authorGething, Peter W.
dc.contributor.authorGeese, Kebede Embaye
dc.contributor.authorGhadimi, Reza
dc.contributor.authorGhadiri, Keyghobad
dc.contributor.authorFalavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi
dc.contributor.authorGhasemi-Kasman, Maryam
dc.contributor.authorGhimire, Mamata
dc.contributor.authorGhosh, Rakesh
dc.contributor.authorGhoshal, Aloke Gopal
dc.contributor.authorGiampaoli, Simona
dc.contributor.authorGill, Paramjit Singh
dc.contributor.authorGill, Tiffany K.
dc.contributor.authorGillum, Richard F.
dc.contributor.authorGinawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed
dc.contributor.authorGiussani, Giorgia
dc.contributor.authorGnedovskaya, Elena V.
dc.contributor.authorGodwin, William W.
dc.contributor.authorGoli, Srinivas
dc.contributor.authorGomez-Dantes, Hector
dc.contributor.authorGona, Philimon N.
dc.contributor.authorGopalani, Sameer Vali
dc.contributor.authorGoulart, Alessandra C.
dc.contributor.authorGrada, Ayman
dc.contributor.authorGrams, Morgan E.
dc.contributor.authorGrosso, Giuseppe
dc.contributor.authorGugnani, Hanish Chander
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Yuming
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rahul
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Rajeev
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Tanush
dc.contributor.authorGutierrez, Reyna Alma
dc.contributor.authorGutierrez-Torres, Daniela S.
dc.contributor.authorHaagsma, Juanita A.
dc.contributor.authorHabtewold, Tesfa Dejenie
dc.contributor.authorHachinski, Vladimir
dc.contributor.authorHafezi-Nejad, Nima
dc.contributor.authorHagos, Tekleberhan B.
dc.contributor.authorHailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa
dc.contributor.authorHailu, Gessessew Bugssa
dc.contributor.authorHaj-Mirzaian, Arvin
dc.contributor.authorHaj-Mirzaian, Arya
dc.contributor.authorHamadeh, Randah R.
dc.contributor.authorHamidi, Samer
dc.contributor.authorHandal, Alexis J.
dc.contributor.authorHankey, Graeme J.
dc.contributor.authorLiao, Yuantao
dc.contributor.authorHarb, Hilda L.
dc.contributor.authorHarikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
dc.contributor.authorHaro, Josep Maria
dc.contributor.authorHassankhani, Hadi
dc.contributor.authorHassen, Hamid Yimam
dc.contributor.authorHavmoeller, Rasmus
dc.contributor.authorHawley, Caitlin N.
dc.contributor.authorHay, Simon I.
dc.contributor.authorHedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar
dc.contributor.authorHeibati, Behzad
dc.contributor.authorHeidari, Behnam
dc.contributor.authorHeidari, Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorHendrie, Delia
dc.contributor.authorHenok, Andualem
dc.contributor.authorHeredia-Pi, Ileana
dc.contributor.authorHerteliu, Claudiu
dc.contributor.authorHeydarpour, Fatemeh
dc.contributor.authorHeydarpour, Sousan
dc.contributor.authorHibstu, Desalegn T.
dc.contributor.authorHigazi, Tarig B.
dc.contributor.authorHilawe, Esayas Haregot
dc.contributor.authorHoek, Hans W.
dc.contributor.authorHoffiman, Howard J.
dc.contributor.authorHole, Michael K.
dc.contributor.authorRad, Enayatollah Homaie
dc.contributor.authorHoogar, Praveen
dc.contributor.authorHosgood, H. Dean
dc.contributor.authorHosseini, Seyed Mostafa
dc.contributor.authorHosseinzadeh, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorHostiuc, Mihaela
dc.contributor.authorHostiuc, Sorin
dc.contributor.authorHoy, Damian G.
dc.contributor.authorHsairi, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorHsiao, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorHu, Guoqing
dc.contributor.authorHa, Howard
dc.contributor.authorHuang, John J.
dc.contributor.authorHussen, Mamusha Aman
dc.contributor.authorHuynh, Chantal K.
dc.contributor.authorIburg, Kim Moesgaard
dc.contributor.authorIkeda, Nayu
dc.contributor.authorIlesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
dc.contributor.authorIqbal, Usman
dc.contributor.authorIrvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
dc.contributor.authorIrvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
dc.contributor.authorIslami, Farhad
dc.contributor.authorJackson, Maria D.
dc.contributor.authorJacobsen, Kathryn H.
dc.contributor.authorJahangiry, Leila
dc.contributor.authorJahanmehr, Nader
dc.contributor.authorJain, Sudhir Kumar
dc.contributor.authorJakovljevic, Mihajlo
dc.contributor.authorJames, Spencer L.
dc.contributor.authorJassal, Simerjot K.
dc.contributor.authorJayatilleke, Achala Upendra
dc.contributor.authorJeemon, Panniyammakal
dc.contributor.authorJha, Ravi Prakash
dc.contributor.authorJha, Vivekanand
dc.contributor.authorJi, John S.
dc.contributor.authorJonas, Jost B.
dc.contributor.authorJonnagaddala, Jitendra
dc.contributor.authorShushtari, Zahra Jorjoran
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Ankur
dc.contributor.authorJozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
dc.contributor.authorJurisson, Mikk
dc.contributor.authorKabir, Zubair
dc.contributor.authorKahsay, Amaha
dc.contributor.authorKalani, Rizwan
dc.contributor.authorKanchan, Tanuj
dc.contributor.authorKant, Surya
dc.contributor.authorKar, Chittaranjan
dc.contributor.authorKarami, Manoochehr
dc.contributor.authorMatin, Behzad Karami
dc.contributor.authorKarch, Andre
dc.contributor.authorKarema, Corine
dc.contributor.authorKarimi, Narges
dc.contributor.authorKarimi, Seyed M.
dc.contributor.authorKasaeian, Amir
dc.contributor.authorKassa, Dessalegn H.
dc.contributor.authorKassa, Getachew Mullu
dc.contributor.authorKassa, Tesfaye Dessale
dc.contributor.authorKassebaum, Nicholas J.
dc.contributor.authorKatikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
dc.contributor.authorKaul, Anil
dc.contributor.authorKawakami, Norito
dc.contributor.authorKazemi, Zhila
dc.contributor.authorKaryani, Ali Kazemi
dc.contributor.authorKefale, Adane Teshome
dc.contributor.authorKeiyoro, Peter Njenga
dc.contributor.authorKemp, Grant Rodgers
dc.contributor.authorKengne, Andre Pascal
dc.contributor.authorKeren, Andre
dc.contributor.authorKesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair
dc.contributor.authorKhader, Yousef Saleh
dc.contributor.authorKhafaei, Behzad
dc.contributor.authorKhafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
dc.contributor.authorKhajavi, Alireza
dc.contributor.authorKhalid, Nauman
dc.contributor.authorKhalil, Ibrahim A.
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Gulfaraz
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Muhammad Shahzeb
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Muhammad Ali
dc.contributor.authorKhang, Young-Ho
dc.contributor.authorKhater, Mona M.
dc.contributor.authorKhazaei, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorKhazaie, Habibolah
dc.contributor.authorKhoja, Abdullah T.
dc.contributor.authorKhosravi, Ardeshir
dc.contributor.authorKhosravi, Mohammad Hossein
dc.contributor.authorKiadaliri, Aliasghar A.
dc.contributor.authorKiirithio, Daniel N.
dc.contributor.authorKim, Cho-Il
dc.contributor.authorKim, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorKim, Young-Eun
dc.contributor.authorKim, Yun Jin
dc.contributor.authorKimokoti, Ruth W.
dc.contributor.authorKinfh, Yohannes
dc.contributor.authorKisa, Adnan
dc.contributor.authorKissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorKivimaki, Mika
dc.contributor.authorKnibbs, Luke D.
dc.contributor.authorKnudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo
dc.contributor.authorKochhar, Sonali
dc.contributor.authorKokubo, Yoshihiro
dc.contributor.authorKolola, Tufa
dc.contributor.authorKopec, Jacek A.
dc.contributor.authorKosen, Soewarta
dc.contributor.authorKoul, Parvaiz A.
dc.contributor.authorKoyanagi, Ai
dc.contributor.authorKravchenko, Michael A.
dc.contributor.authorKrishan, Kewal
dc.contributor.authorKrohn, Kristopher J.
dc.contributor.authorKromhout, Hans
dc.contributor.authorDefo, Barthelemy Kuate
dc.contributor.authorBicer, Burcu Kucuk
dc.contributor.authorKumar, G. Anil
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Manasi
dc.contributor.authorKuzin, Igor
dc.contributor.authorKyu, Hmwe Hmwe
dc.contributor.authorLachat, Carl
dc.contributor.authorLad, Deepesh P.
dc.contributor.authorLad, Sheetal D.
dc.contributor.authorLafranconi, Alessandra
dc.contributor.authorLalloo, Ratilal
dc.contributor.authorLallukka, Tea
dc.contributor.authorLami, Faris Hasan
dc.contributor.authorLang, Justin J.
dc.contributor.authorLansingh, Van C.
dc.contributor.authorLarson, Samantha Leigh
dc.contributor.authorLatifi, Arman
dc.contributor.authorLazarus, Jeffrey V.
dc.contributor.authorLee, Paul H.
dc.contributor.authorLeigh, James
dc.contributor.authorLeili, Mostafa
dc.contributor.authorLeshargie, Chem Tesema
dc.contributor.authorLeung, Janni
dc.contributor.authorLevi, Miriam
dc.contributor.authorLewycka, Sonia
dc.contributor.authorLi, Shanshan
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yichong
dc.contributor.authorLiang, Juan
dc.contributor.authorLiang, Xiaofeng
dc.contributor.authorLian, Yu
dc.contributor.authorLiben, Misgan Legesse
dc.contributor.authorLim, Lee-Ling
dc.contributor.authorLinn, Shai
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Shiwei
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dc.contributor.authorZamani, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorZavala-Arciniega, Luis
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Anthony Lin
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Hao
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Kai
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dc.contributor.authorMurray, Christopher J. L.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-10T11:22:49Z
dc.date.available2019-12-10T11:22:49Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.issn0140-6736
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/15530
dc.description.abstractBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017,34.1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33.3-35.0) deaths and 121 billion (144-1.28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61.0% (59.6-62.4) of deaths and 48.3% (46.3-50.2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10.4 million (9.39-11.5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7.10 million [6.83-7.37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6.53 million [5.23-8.23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4.72 million [2.99-6.70] deaths and 148 million [98.6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1.43 million [1.36-1.51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4.9% (3.3-6.5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23.5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18.6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Science Inc
dc.relation.isversionof10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectGeneral & Internal Medicine
dc.titleGlobal, Regional, And National Comparative Risk Assessment Of 84 Behavioural, Environmental And Occupational, And Metabolic Risks Or Clusters Of Risks For 195 Countries And Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.relation.journalLancet
dc.contributor.departmentKardiyoloji
dc.identifier.volume392
dc.identifier.issue10159
dc.identifier.startpage1923
dc.identifier.endpage1994
dc.description.indexWoS
dc.description.indexScopus


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