Felsefe Bölümü
https://hdl.handle.net/11655/40
2024-03-29T04:48:46ZKant'ta ve Adorno'da Özgürlük Sorunu
https://hdl.handle.net/11655/34616
Kant'ta ve Adorno'da Özgürlük Sorunu
Kaya, Berdan
The aim of this study is to discuss the types of freedom left ambiguous by Kant and the relation between volition and choice in the center of free choice. The distinction between volition and free choice is presented in Kant as a solution to the debate about the attributability of immoral acts to the agent. Our proposal to center Kant's idea of freedom on free choice will be discussed in conjunction with the distinction between volition and free choice. Since free choice is the source of maxims, the reasons for Adorno's criticism of Kant's ethics of temperament will be investigated by focusing on the distinctions between character, personality, temperament, maxim and original maxim (Gesinnung). Answers will be sought to the questions "Is Kant's ethics can be seen as temperament ethics?" and "Is the perspective centering on free choice respond to Adorno's criticism of disposition ethics?". Finally, Adorno's view of freedom, which is based on the feeling of compassion against Kant's perspective that emphasizes choice, will be discussed through resistance and empathy, and whether Adorno offers a new way of thinking about the possibility of both individual and social freedom will be discussed. In this context, this study focuses on showing the possibility of freedom in Kant and Adorno through the focus on choice, disposition and compassion.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZKant ve Hobbes’ta Ortak İyi Kavramı
https://hdl.handle.net/11655/34584
Kant ve Hobbes’ta Ortak İyi Kavramı
Korkut, Tuğberk
Focusing on the ethical and political philosophies of Immanuel Kant and Thomas Hobbes, our study aims to critically and comparatively examine the political systems of these two thinkers with a special focus on the concept of the common good, thereby investigating the question of whether there is a possibility of the common good in the political sense. In the first part of our study, Hobbes' philosophical anthropology will be discussed in relation to his epistemology, which constitutes the foundations of his thought, and how the modern sovereignty system is constructed in relation to the common good will be investigated within the framework of the concepts of human nature, property, social contract and sovereignty. In the second part, Kant's ethical and political attitude will be analyzed, starting from the epistemological foundations that establish his philosophical system, in the light of the concepts of freedom, morality, history and man, social contract, property and law, and the possibility of the common good will be discussed within the framework of the themes of sovereignty and publicness. From this point of view, an effort will be made to make visible both the commonalities and differences of these thinkers in both sections. Thus, their answers to the question of the ways in which the construction of the common good for coexistence is designed will be discussed.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZFelsefede Matematik Yöntem Kullanımı Üzerine Epistemolojik Bir Araştırma
https://hdl.handle.net/11655/34583
Felsefede Matematik Yöntem Kullanımı Üzerine Epistemolojik Bir Araştırma
Aydın Çağlıyan, Ebru
The aim of this study is to conduct an epistemological research on the use of mathematical methods in philosophy. Behind the glorification of mathematics in philosophy and philosophizing through the mathematical method are the thoughts about pure mathematics. In ancient Greece, the Pythagoreans turned mathematics into the discipline of "pure mathematics". Later, Plato was influenced by the approach of the Pythagoreans. According to him, mathematics is the most important tool for thinking correctly and reaching certain knowledge.
In later periods, with the influence of the Pythagorean and Platonic traditions praising mathematics the idea that certain knowledge could be achieved in other fields became effective in the following subjects like philosophy, theology, science and ethics. Descartes' project of mathesis universalis, and his attitude of mathematizing the method in order to reach certain knowledge, resulted in Spinoza writing most of his works using the geometric method in the 17th century.
In ancient Greece, Aristotle criticized the mathematization of philosophy and he tried to determine mathematical certainty from a realistic perspective. In the 17th century, Francis Bacon also opposed the association of the pure side of mathematics with the divine, and the claims that God and other things can be known through mathematics.In the 18th century, Kant was one of the thinkers who determined that mathematical methods could not be used in philosophy and therefore mathematical certainty could not be expected from it.
In this thesis, we will conduct an epistemological research on the origins and development of the understanding of mathematical method and the search for certainty, drawing attention to the following: The main purpose of sciences and philosophy are not to discuss methods and express every subject mathematically. Obtaining only mathematically certain "data" cannot be the main purpose of scientific or philosophical work. In research, the importance of knowing the truth with its reasons and principles should be remembered.
2024-02-04T00:00:00ZKadim Doğu Düşüncesinden Schopenhauer'e Sonlu ve Sonsuz İlişkisi Bağlamında Zorunlu Belirlenim Olarak Özgürlük
https://hdl.handle.net/11655/34582
Kadim Doğu Düşüncesinden Schopenhauer'e Sonlu ve Sonsuz İlişkisi Bağlamında Zorunlu Belirlenim Olarak Özgürlük
Çağlıyan, Çağdaş Emrah
Facing the finiteness of ourselves and everything that is open to our senses is an important reason why we resort to the idea of an Eternal existence and try to connect this idea to a permanent essence behind temporary things. The way we encounter this finiteness determines the general attitude we adopt in our earthly life. If our aim when referring to the infinite is not just to ease ourselves but to try to understand our position in eternity, it will be inevitable for us to question the nature of the freedom we have. What we end up with is that we often associate freedom with necessity.
In this regard, our effort to see the universal principle behind individual things and facts forms the basis for our understanding of the coexistence of the finite and the eternal. It can be seen in the history of thought that the tendency adopted at moments when the finite and the eternal are grasped in unity is common. In these thoughts, the effort to reach a total perspective is essential. For this reason, the individual is always grasped from the universal principle it contains. Only such a tendency paves the way for us to evaluate the phenomena that are subject to become and vanish within a general context and make them meaningful. Moreover, in line with the same tendency, perceiving our individual existence in the context of its relationship with the Totality will make an actual freedom possible for us. Once we reach such an understanding, the rigid distinction we assume between freedom and solid determination disappears. The more we see the necessity in our way of being, the easier it is for us to affirm this existence.
In this context, in our study, we will include the moments in the history of thought that justify this affirmation, and we will especially draw attention to the basic similarities they contain in this regard. Our research has shown that thoughts on this subject have a common basis at certain points, regardless of place and time, from ancient Eastern Thought to Ancient Greek Philosophy, from the beginning of Modern Philosophy to 19th Century German Philosophy. We will try to show this basis in our work. Because we can only realize that our finite and individual side will have an actual value within the Eternal Whole, only to the extent that we see these basis. Our understanding of this issue paves the way for us to affirm our own existence, regardless of the place and period in which we live, and thus achieve an actual power. Our aim in our study is to contribute to such an affirmation.
2024-02-04T00:00:00Z